Grid frequency support, e.g., by the virtual inertia control (VIC), of photovoltaic (PV) systems, is more demanded than ever before. To achieve the full-range frequency support (i.e., to tackle the under- or overfrequency issues), the power reserve is necessary for PV systems. Accordingly, a power reserve control (PRC) method based on the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is adopted in this article, referring to as MPPT-PRC. It measures the real-time maximum available power (MAP) periodically, being independent of physical sensors and burdensome computation. However, the MAP measurement loop inevitably couples with the power reserve loop, which makes the realization of the VIC challenging. Aiming at this issue, an event-triggering strategy is elaborately designed to switch the PV system in-between different operating modes. The strategy is realized by a set of control signals. They are responsible for the detection of frequency incidents, the activation of MPPT, the measurement of MAP, respectively. Consequently, the VIC can be achieved based on the MPPT-PRC without any conflicts or instability. Experimental tests are performed on StarSim real-time hardware-in-the-loop system to validate the proposed MPPT-PRC-based VIC, as well as the coordination of the control loops.

中文翻译：

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具有备用功率的光伏系统的事件触发虚拟惯性控制

电网频率支持，例如通过光伏 (PV) 系统的虚拟惯性控制 (VIC)，比以往任何时候都更加需要。为了实现全频支持（即解决欠频或过频问题），光伏系统需要功率储备。因此，本文采用了基于最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)的功率储备控制(PRC)方法，简称MPPT-PRC。它定期测量实时最大可用功率 (MAP)，独立于物理传感器和繁重的计算。然而，MAP测量回路不可避免地与功率储备回路耦合，这使得VIC的实现具有挑战性。针对这个问题，精心设计了一种事件触发策略来实现光伏系统在不同运行模式之间的切换。该策略由一组控制信号实现。它们分别负责频率事件的检测、MPPT的激活、MAP的测量。因此，VIC 可以基于 MPPT-PRC 实现，没有任何冲突或不稳定性。在 StarSim 实时硬件在环系统上进行了实验测试，以验证所提出的基于 MPPT-PRC 的 VIC，以及控制回路的协调。