This paper analyzes the labor market integration of non-European refugees originating from middle- and low-income countries for the period of 2009–2018 in Austria. We assess their probability of being employed relative to Austrian natives and compare it with that of other non-European migrants and European refugees and other immigrants from low- and middle-income non-EU countries. We draw on a register-based panel dataset covering the complete labor market careers of all individuals residing in Austria. We control for macrolevel explanatory variables (e.g., the labor market situation at the time and the place of settlement) and individual characteristics. The analysis shows that initial refugee employment gaps relative to natives are large in the first years, when labor market access is difficult. After a period of 7 years, the unconditional gap between refugees and natives declines to 30 percentage points, similar to that of other migrants, but the gap is still decreasing. After controlling for a set of explanatory variables, the conditional gap amounts to only 10 percentage points at that time. Moreover, our analysis provides insights into differences in employment gaps across population subgroups of immigrant groups and natives by gender, age, education level, and types of employment.

本文分析了 2009-2018 年期间来自中低收入国家的非欧洲难民在奥地利的劳动力市场一体化情况。我们评估了他们相对于奥地利本地人就业的可能性，并将其与其他非欧洲移民和欧洲难民以及来自低收入和中等收入非欧盟国家的其他移民进行了比较。我们利用了一个基于注册的面板数据集，涵盖了居住在奥地利的所有个人的完整劳动力市场职业。我们控制宏观层面的解释变量（例如，当时和定居地点的劳动力市场情况）和个人特征。分析表明，在劳动力市场进入困难的头几年，难民与本地人的初始就业差距很大。7年之后，难民和当地人之间的无条件差距下降到 30 个百分点，与其他移民相似，但差距仍在缩小。在控制了一组解释变量后，当时的条件差距仅为 10 个百分点。此外，我们的分析提供了对不同性别、年龄、教育水平和就业类型的移民群体和土著人口亚群之间就业差距差异的见解。