Rats that have consumed a novel target flavor added to a sucrose solution will develop a preference for that flavor. Such preferences appear to persist over the course of many presentations of the flavor alone when animals are not food-deprived. However, previous research indicates that an extinction effect (a reduction in preference) can be obtained when training or testing is carried out in animals that are hungry. In a series of experiments that produced flavor preferences in hungry rats by adding the flavor to a sucrose solution, three (Experiments 1, 2A, 2B) established that the concentration of sucrose and the nature of the flavor influenced the results but failed to detect extinction. Two-bottle choice tests showed some loss of preference but this occurred both in subjects given the extinction treatment (flavor-only presentations) and in control subjects given just water. A loss of preference in rats given an extinction treatment as opposed to controls given only water was, however, found in Experiments 3 and 4. These experiments differed from Experiments 1 and 2 in that the extinction stage involved the presentation of two bottles containing the flavor, thus matching the two-bottle procedure used in the test phase. These results confirm that experiencing a flavor alone can result in extinction of a conditioned flavor preference in hungry rats but indicate that the effect is highly context-specific, requiring the conditions of the test to match those of the extinction procedure. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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大鼠中基于蔗糖的风味偏好：影响灭绝检测的因素。

已经消耗了添加到蔗糖溶液中的新目标风味的大鼠会产生对该风味的偏好。当动物没有被剥夺食物时，这种偏好似乎会在许多单独的风味呈现过程中持续存在。然而，先前的研究表明，当对饥饿的动物进行训练或测试时，可以获得灭绝效应（偏好的减少）。在通过将风味添加到蔗糖溶液中来产生饥饿大鼠风味偏好的一系列实验中，三个（实验 1、2A、2B）确定蔗糖的浓度和风味的性质影响了结果，但未能检测到灭绝. 两瓶选择测试显示出一些偏好的丧失，但这发生在给予消退治疗（仅口味介绍）的受试者和仅给予水的对照受试者中。然而，在实验 3 和 4 中发现，与仅给予水的对照组相比，给予灭绝治疗的大鼠的偏好丧失。这些实验与实验 1 和 2 的不同之处在于灭绝阶段涉及展示两个装有香料的瓶子，从而匹配测试阶段使用的两瓶程序。这些结果证实，单独体验一种味道会导致饥饿大鼠的条件性味道偏好消失，但表明这种影响是高度特定于环境的，需要测试条件与灭绝程序的条件相匹配。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，