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Patterns of endogenous and exogenous ovarian hormone modulation on recovery metrics across the menstrual cycle
BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-07-01 , DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001047
Stacy T Sims 1, 2 , Laura Ware 3 , Emily R Capodilupo 3
Affiliation  

Introduction As the number of female athletes competing rises globally, training methodologies should reflect sex differences across critical metrics of adaptation to training. Surrogate markers of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) used for monitoring training load are heart rate variability (HRV) and resting heart rate (RHR). The aim was to investigate ovarian hormone effects on standard recovery metrics (HRV, RHR, respiratory rate (RR) and sleep duration) across a large population of female athletes. Methods A retrospective study analysed 362 852 days of data representing 13 535 menstrual cycles (MC) from 4594 respondents (natural MC n=3870, BC n=455, progestin-only n=269) for relationships and/or differences between endogenous and exogenous ovarian hormones on ANS. Results HRV and return to baseline (recovery) decreased as resting HR and RR increased (p<0.001) from the early follicular to the late luteal phase of the MC. Patterning was paradoxical across phases for users of combined hormonal contraception (BC) as compared with the patterning of the MC. HRV and recovery start elevated and drop off quickly during the withdrawal bleed, rising through the active pill weeks (p<0.001). Progestin-only users had similar patterning as the MC. The relationship between normalised recovery and previous day strain is modulated by birth control type. BC exhibited steeper declines in recovery with additional strain-normalised recovery decreases by an additional 0.0055±0.00135 (p<0.001) per unit of strain; with no significant difference between MC and progestin-only (p=0.19). Conclusion The patterning of ANS modulation from ovarian hormones is significantly different between naturally cycling women and those on BC, with the patterning dependent on the type of contraception used. Data are available on reasonable request. The WHOOP data are the property of WHOOP (Boston, Massachusetts, USA). The authors (LW and ERC) are employees of WHOOP and are permitted to access the WHOOP data server. The data are anonymised appropriately; the data used in the study is a backup of the original data and does not include any personally identifiable information.

中文翻译:

内源性和外源性卵巢激素调节模式对整个月经周期恢复指标的影响

引言随着全球女性运动员数量的增加,训练方法应反映适应训练的关键指标的性别差异。用于监测训练负荷的自主神经系统 (ANS) 的替代指标是心率变异性 (HRV) 和静息心率 (RHR)。目的是研究卵巢激素对大量女性运动员的标准恢复指标(HRV、RHR、呼吸频率 (RR) 和睡眠时间)的影响。方法 一项回顾性研究分析了来自 4594 名受访者(自然 MC n=3870,BC n=455,仅孕激素 n=269)代表 13535 个月经周期 (MC) 的 362852 天数据,以了解内源性和外源性之间的关系和/或差异ANS上的卵巢激素。结果 HRV 和返回基线(恢复)随着静息 HR 和 RR 从 MC 早期卵泡期到黄体晚期增加(p<0.001)而降低。与 MC 的模式相比,对于联合激素避孕 (BC) 的使用者来说,模式在各个阶段是矛盾的。HRV 和恢复在撤退性出血期间开始升高并迅速下降,在服药周期间上升 (p<0.001)。仅使用孕激素的用户具有与 MC 相似的模式。标准化恢复和前一天应变之间的关系受节育类型的调节。BC 表现出更陡峭的恢复下降,额外的应变标准化恢复每单位应变额外降低 0.0055±0.00135 (p<0.001);MC 和仅含孕激素之间没有显着差异(p=0.19)。结论 卵巢激素对 ANS 的调节模式在自然骑自行车的女性和使用 BC 的女性之间存在显着差异,其模式取决于所用避孕药的类型。可根据合理要求提供数据。WHOOP 数据是 WHOOP(美国马萨诸塞州波士顿)的财产。作者(LW 和 ERC)是 WHOOP 的员工,被允许访问 WHOOP 数据服务器。数据被适当地匿名化;研究中使用的数据是原始数据的备份,不包括任何个人身份信息。作者(LW 和 ERC)是 WHOOP 的员工,被允许访问 WHOOP 数据服务器。数据被适当地匿名化;研究中使用的数据是原始数据的备份,不包括任何个人身份信息。作者(LW 和 ERC)是 WHOOP 的员工,被允许访问 WHOOP 数据服务器。数据被适当地匿名化;研究中使用的数据是原始数据的备份,不包括任何个人身份信息。
更新日期:2021-07-19
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