ABSTRACT

Stanley Cavell and Thierry de Duve have independently proposed that judgments of the type “this is art” are aesthetic judgments, to be understood along the lines of Kant’s analysis of the judgment of taste. Contrary to the common philosophical strategy of pursuing a definition of art that could be applied to controversial cases, Cavell and de Duve reinterpret the art-judgment as a reflective aesthetic judgment that claims universal agreement on non-conceptual grounds. Accordingly, judging something to be a genuine artwork is not a preliminary step but an inherent part of our aesthetic engagement with art. Furthermore, the transcendental grounding of such judgments implies that some universal and necessary conditions of human experience are revealed in the domain of art. Yet, our analysis shows that the two positions disagree on (1) the role of distinct artistic media as being essential (Cavell) or inessential (de Duve) to the art-judgment; and (2) the relation of criticism to judgment in the experience of art. Both points are related to the philosophers’ differences regarding the material aspect of artistic experience, as well as to some further moments in their respective appropriations of Kantian aesthetics. We propose that combining the complementing insights of the two positions contributes to defining the common framework of our experience of art in its characteristic contemporary diversity. Specifically, it serves to negotiate the still much relevant tension between the high modernist position represented by Cavell and the post-conceptual position represented by de Duve.

摘要

斯坦利·卡维尔 (Stanley Cavell) 和蒂埃里·德·杜夫 (Thierry de Duve) 独立提出，“这是艺术”类型的判断是审美判断，可以按照康德对品味判断的分析来理解。与追求可应用于有争议的案例的艺术定义的共同哲学策略相反，卡维尔和德杜夫将艺术判断重新解释为一种反思性的审美判断，要求在非概念性基础上达成普遍共识。因此，判断某物是否是真正的艺术品不是一个初步的步骤，而是我们与艺术的审美接触的固有部分。此外，这种判断的先验基础意味着在艺术领域中揭示了人类经验的一些普遍和必要条件。然而，我们的分析表明，这两种立场在（1）不同艺术媒体对艺术判断至关重要（Cavell）或非必要（de Duve）的作用上存在分歧；(2)艺术体验中批评与判断的关系。这两点都与哲学家们在艺术体验的物质方面的差异有关，也与他们各自对康德美学的挪用有关。我们建议，结合这两个立场的互补见解有助于在其特征的当代多样性中定义我们艺术体验的共同框架。具体来说，它有助于协商卡维尔所代表的高度现代主义立场与德杜夫所代表的后概念立场之间仍然非常相关的张力。