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What Influenced Early Secularization? A Statistical Analysis of the Results of the 1923 Referendum in Estonia
Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion ( IF 1.969 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-19 , DOI: 10.1111/jssr.12745
Mark Gortfelder 1
Affiliation  

In 1923, the first referendum of Estonia—one of the most secular countries in the world—was held. It came about as a public initiative to reinstate religious studies as a subject in public elementary schools after it had been banned by left-dominated parliaments. The referendum underlined the schism between the political elite and the wider population regarding the societal role of religion, with only 28.8 percent of votes cast in opposition to the proposal. This article uses opposition to religious studies as a proxy for secularization, and asks which political, cultural, demographic, and economic factors influenced people to become secularized in an early phase of the process. The analysis is done using municipal-level results of the referendum and standard linear, as well as two spatial models. It is shown that left-wing political preference and male sex are the most important predictors of secularization.

中文翻译:

是什么影响了早期的世俗化?爱沙尼亚 1923 年公投结果的统计分析

1923 年,世界上最世俗的国家之一爱沙尼亚举行了第一次全民公决。在被左翼主导的议会禁止后,它是一项公共倡议,旨在恢复公立小学的宗教研究科目。公投强调了政治精英和广大民众在宗教的社会作用方面的分歧,只有 28.8% 的选票反对该提案。本文使用对宗教研究的反对作为世俗化的代表,并询问哪些政治、文化、人口和经济因素影响了人们在这个过程的早期阶段变得世俗化。分析是使用市级公投结果和标准线性以及两个空间模型完成的。
更新日期:2021-07-19
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