Engineered cell-based therapies have emerged as a new paradigm in modern medicine, with several engineered T cell therapies currently approved to treat blood cancers and many more in clinical development. Tremendous progress in synthetic biology over the past two decades has allowed us to program cells with sophisticated sense-and-response modules that can effectively control therapeutic functions. In this review, we highlight recent advances in mammalian synthetic gene switches, focusing on devices designed for therapeutic applications. Although many gene switches responding to endogenous or exogenous molecular signals have been developed, the focus is shifting towards achieving remote-controlled production of therapeutic effectors by stimulating implanted engineered cells with traceless physical signals, such as light, electrical signals, magnetic fields, heat or ultrasound.

中文翻译：

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用于控制可植入细胞疗法的新兴哺乳动物基因开关。

基于工程细胞的疗法已成为现代医学的新范式，目前有几种工程 T 细胞疗法被批准用于治疗血癌，还有更多正在临床开发中。在过去的二十年里，合成生物学的巨大进步使我们能够用复杂的感知和反应模块对细胞进行编程，从而有效地控制治疗功能。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了哺乳动物合成基因开关的最新进展，重点关注为治疗应用而设计的设备。尽管已经开发了许多响应内源性或外源性分子信号的基因开关，但重点正在转向通过用无痕物理信号（如光、电信号、