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Safety of Early Discontinuation of Antiseizure Medication After Acute Symptomatic Neonatal Seizures.
JAMA Neurology ( IF 29.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-01 , DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.1437
Hannah C Glass 1, 2, 3 , Janet S Soul 4 , Taeun Chang 5 , Courtney J Wusthoff 6, 7 , Catherine J Chu 8 , Shavonne L Massey 9, 10 , Nicholas S Abend 9, 10, 11 , Monica Lemmon 12, 13 , Cameron Thomas 14 , Adam L Numis 1, 2 , Ronnie Guillet 15 , Julie Sturza 16 , Nancy A McNamara 16 , Elizabeth E Rogers 2 , Linda S Franck 2, 17 , Charles E McCulloch 3 , Renée A Shellhaas 16
Affiliation  

Importance Antiseizure medication (ASM) treatment duration for acute symptomatic neonatal seizures is variable. A randomized clinical trial of phenobarbital compared with placebo after resolution of acute symptomatic seizures closed early owing to low enrollment. Objective To assess whether ASM discontinuation after resolution of acute symptomatic neonatal seizures and before hospital discharge is associated with functional neurodevelopment or risk of epilepsy at age 24 months. Design, Setting, and Participants This comparative effectiveness study included 303 neonates with acute symptomatic seizures (282 with follow-up data and 270 with the primary outcome measure) from 9 US Neonatal Seizure Registry centers, born from July 2015 to March 2018. The centers all had level IV neonatal intensive care units and comprehensive pediatric epilepsy programs. Data were analyzed from June 2020 to February 2021. Exposures The primary exposure was duration of ASM treatment dichotomized as ASM discontinued vs ASM maintained at the time of discharge from the neonatal seizure admission. To enhance causal association, each outcome risk was adjusted for propensity to receive ASM at discharge. Propensity for ASM maintenance was defined by a logistic regression model including seizure cause, gestational age, therapeutic hypothermia, worst electroencephalogram background, days of electroencephalogram seizures, and discharge examination (all P ≤ .10 in a joint model except cause, which was included for face validity). Main Outcomes and Measures Functional neurodevelopment was assessed by the Warner Initial Developmental Evaluation of Adaptive and Functional Skills (WIDEA-FS) at 24 months powered for propensity-adjusted noninferiority of early ASM discontinuation. Postneonatal epilepsy, a prespecified secondary outcome, was defined per International League Against Epilepsy criteria, determined by parent interview, and corroborated by medical records. Results Most neonates (194 of 303 [64%]) had ASM maintained at the time of hospital discharge. Among 270 children evaluated at 24 months (mean [SD], 23.8 [0.7] months; 147 [54%] were male), the WIDEA-FS score was similar for the infants whose ASMs were discontinued (101 of 270 [37%]) compared with the infants with ASMs maintained (169 of 270 [63%]) at discharge (median score, 165 [interquartile range, 150-175] vs 161 [interquartile range, 129-174]; P = .09). The propensity-adjusted average difference was 4 points (90% CI, -3 to 11 points), which met the a priori noninferiority limit of -12 points. The epilepsy risk was similar (11% vs 14%; P = .49), with a propensity-adjusted odds ratio of 1.5 (95% CI, 0.7-3.4; P = .32). Conclusions and Relevance In this comparative effectiveness study, no difference was found in functional neurodevelopment or epilepsy at age 24 months among children whose ASM was discontinued vs maintained at hospital discharge after resolution of acute symptomatic neonatal seizures. These results support discontinuation of ASM prior to hospital discharge for most infants with acute symptomatic neonatal seizures.

中文翻译:

急性症状性新生儿癫痫发作后早期停用抗癫痫药物的安全性。

重要性 急性症状性新生儿癫痫发作的抗癫痫药物 (ASM) 治疗持续时间是可变的。由于入组率低,急性症状性癫痫发作缓解后苯巴比妥与安慰剂的随机临床试验提前结束。目的 评估急性症状性新生儿癫痫发作缓解后和出院前 ASM 停药是否与 24 个月大时的功能性神经发育或癫痫风险相关。设计、设置和参与者这项比较有效性研究包括来自 9 个美国新生儿癫痫登记中心的 2015 年 7 月至 2018 年 3 月出生的 303 名急性症状性癫痫新生儿(282 名有随访数据,270 名有主要结果测量)。这些中心都有IV级新生儿重症监护室和综合性儿科癫痫项目。对 2020 年 6 月至 2021 年 2 月的数据进行了分析。暴露主要暴露是 ASM 治疗的持续时间,分为 ASM 停止与 ASM 在新生儿癫痫入院出院时维持的持续时间。为了增强因果关系,每个结果风险都根据出院时接受 ASM 的倾向进行了调整。ASM 维持的倾向通过逻辑回归模型定义,包括癫痫发作原因、胎龄、低温治疗、脑电图最差背景、脑电图癫痫发作天数和出院检查(除原因外,联合模型中所有 P ≤ 0.10,包括表面效度)。主要结果和措施 功能性神经发育由华纳适应性和功能技能初始发育评估 (WIDEA-FS) 在 24 个月时评估,用于早期 ASM 停药的倾向调整非劣效性。新生儿后癫痫是一种预先设定的次要结局,根据国际抗癫痫联盟标准定义,由家长访谈确定,并由医疗记录证实。结果 大多数新生儿(303 名中的 194 名 [64%])在出院时维持 ASM。在 24 个月时评估的 270 名儿童中(平均 [SD],23.8 [0.7] 个月;147 [54%] 为男性),停用 ASM 的婴儿的 WIDEA-FS 评分相似(270 名中的 101 名 [37%] )与出院时维持 ASM 的婴儿(270 名中的 169 名 [63%])相比(中位得分,165 [四分位距,150-175] 与 161 [四分位距,129-174];P = .09)。倾向调整后的平均差异为 4 分(90% CI,-3 至 11 分),符合 -12 分的先验非劣效性限制。癫痫风险相似(11% 对 14%;P = .49),倾向调整优势比为 1.5(95% CI,0.7-3.4;P = .32)。结论和相关性 在这项比较有效性研究中,在急性症状性新生儿癫痫发作解决后,停止 ASM 与出院时维持 ASM 的儿童在 24 个月时的功能性神经发育或癫痫没有差异。这些结果支持大多数患有急性症状性新生儿惊厥的婴儿在出院前停用 ASM。-3 到 11 分),这符合 -12 分的先验非劣效性限制。癫痫风险相似(11% 对 14%;P = .49),倾向调整优势比为 1.5(95% CI,0.7-3.4;P = .32)。结论和相关性 在这项比较有效性研究中,在急性症状性新生儿癫痫发作解决后,停止 ASM 与出院时维持 ASM 的儿童在 24 个月时的功能性神经发育或癫痫没有差异。这些结果支持大多数患有急性症状性新生儿惊厥的婴儿在出院前停用 ASM。-3 到 11 分),这符合 -12 分的先验非劣效性限制。癫痫风险相似(11% 对 14%;P = .49),倾向调整优势比为 1.5(95% CI,0.7-3.4;P = .32)。结论和相关性 在这项比较有效性研究中,在急性症状性新生儿癫痫发作解决后,停止 ASM 与出院时维持 ASM 的儿童在 24 个月时的功能性神经发育或癫痫没有差异。这些结果支持大多数患有急性症状性新生儿惊厥的婴儿在出院前停用 ASM。结论和相关性 在这项比较有效性研究中,在急性症状性新生儿癫痫发作解决后,停止 ASM 与出院时维持 ASM 的儿童在 24 个月时的功能性神经发育或癫痫没有差异。这些结果支持大多数患有急性症状性新生儿惊厥的婴儿在出院前停用 ASM。结论和相关性 在这项比较有效性研究中,在急性症状性新生儿癫痫发作解决后,停止 ASM 与出院时维持 ASM 的儿童在 24 个月时的功能性神经发育或癫痫没有差异。这些结果支持大多数患有急性症状性新生儿惊厥的婴儿在出院前停用 ASM。
更新日期:2021-07-01
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