Pregnancy is a challenging physiological process that involves maternal adaptations to the increasing energetics demands imposed by the growing conceptus. Failure to adapt to these requirements may result in serious health complications for the mother and the baby. The mitochondria are biosynthetic and energy-producing organelles supporting the augmented energetic demands of pregnancy. Evidence suggests that placental mitochondria display a dynamic phenotype through gestation. At early stages of pregnancy placental mitochondria are mainly responsible for the generation of metabolic intermediates and reactive oxygen species (ROS), while at later stages of gestation, the placental mitochondria exhibit high rates of oxygen consumption. This review describes the metabolic fingerprint of the placental mitochondria at different stages of pregnancy and summarises key signs of mitochondrial dysfunction in pathological pregnancy conditions, including preeclampsia, gestational diabetes and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). So far, the effects of placental-driven metabolic changes governing the metabolic adaptations occurring in different maternal tissues in both, healthy and pathological pregnancies, remain to be uncovered. Understanding the function and molecular aspects of the adaptations occurring in placental and maternal tissue's mitochondria will unveil potential targets for further therapeutic exploration that could address pregnancy-related disorders. Targeting mitochondrial metabolism is an emerging approach for regulating mitochondrial bioenergetics. This review will also describe the potential therapeutic use of compounds with a recognised effect on mitochondria, for the management of preeclampsia.

中文翻译：

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妊娠和相关疾病中的生物能量学适应和氧化还原稳态。

怀孕是一个具有挑战性的生理过程，涉及母体适应不断增长的孕体所带来的不断增加的能量需求。不适应这些要求可能会给母亲和婴儿带来严重的健康并发症。线粒体是生物合成和产生能量的细胞器，支持怀孕期间增加的能量需求。有证据表明，胎盘线粒体在妊娠期间表现出动态表型。在妊娠早期，胎盘线粒体主要负责代谢中间体和活性氧 (ROS) 的产生，而在妊娠后期，胎盘线粒体表现出高耗氧率。本综述描述了妊娠不同阶段胎盘线粒体的代谢指纹，并总结了病理性妊娠条件下线粒体功能障碍的关键体征，包括先兆子痫、妊娠糖尿病和宫内生长受限 (IUGR)。到目前为止，胎盘驱动的代谢变化控制在健康和病理妊娠中不同母体组织中发生的代谢适应的影响仍有待发现。了解胎盘和母体组织线粒体中发生的适应的功能和分子方面将揭示潜在的目标，以进行进一步的治疗探索，以解决与妊娠相关的疾病。靶向线粒体代谢是调节线粒体生物能量学的新兴方法。