Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element of fundamental importance to humans, animals, and plants. However, the uptake, transport, and metabolic processes of Se and its underlying mechanisms in plants have not been well characterized. Here, we review our current understanding of the adsorption and assimilation of Se in plants. First, we discussed the conversion of Se from inorganic Se into organic forms, the mechanisms underlying the formation of seleno-amino acids, and the detoxification of Se. We then discussed the ways in which Se protects plants against toxic metal ions in the environment, such as by alleviating oxidative stress, regulating the activity of antioxidant enzymes, sequestering metal ions, and preventing metal ion uptake and accumulation. Generally, this review will aid future research examining the molecular mechanisms underlying the antagonistic relationships between Se and toxic metals in plants.

中文翻译：

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硒的摄取、运输和代谢及其对植物中有毒金属的保护作用：综述。

硒 (Se) 是一种对人类、动物和植物具有根本重要性的必需微量元素。然而，植物中硒的吸收、运输和代谢过程及其潜在机制尚未得到很好的表征。在这里，我们回顾了我们目前对植物中硒的吸附和同化的理解。首先，我们讨论了硒从无机硒转化为有机形式、硒氨基酸形成的机制以及硒的解毒作用。然后，我们讨论了硒保护植物免受环境中有毒金属离子侵害的方式，例如通过减轻氧化应激、调节抗氧化酶的活性、隔离金属离子以及防止金属离子的吸收和积累。一般来说，