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Older bilinguals reverse language dominance less than younger bilinguals: Evidence for the inhibitory deficit hypothesis.
Psychology and Aging ( IF 4.201 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-24 , DOI: 10.1037/pag0000618
Alena Stasenko 1 , Daniel Kleinman 2 , Tamar H Gollan 1
Affiliation  

Inhibitory control is thought to play a key role in how bilinguals switch languages and may decline in aging. We tested these hypotheses by examining age group differences in the reversed language dominance effect-a signature of inhibition of the dominant language that leads bilinguals to name pictures more slowly in the dominant than the nondominant language in mixed-language testing blocks. Twenty-five older and 48 younger Spanish-English bilinguals completed a cued language-switching task. To test if inhibition is applied at the whole-language or lexical level, we first presented one set of pictures repeatedly, then introduced a second list halfway through the experiment. Younger bilinguals exhibited significantly greater reversed language dominance effects than older bilinguals (who exhibited nonsignificant language dominance effects). In younger bilinguals, dominance reversal transferred to, and was even larger in, the second list (compared to the first). The latter result may suggest that inhibition is partially offset by repetition in ways that are not yet fully understood. More generally, these results support the hypotheses that aging impairs inhibitory control of the dominant language, which young bilinguals rely on to switch languages. Additionally, inhibition is applied primarily at the whole-language level, and speculatively, this form of language control may be analogous to nonlinguistic proactive control. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译:

年长的双语者比年轻的双语者逆转语言优势:抑制缺陷假说的证据。

抑制控制被认为在双语者如何转换语言方面发挥关键作用,并且可能会随着年龄的增长而下降。我们通过检查反向语言优势效应的年龄组差异来测试这些假设 - 一种抑制优势语言的特征,导致双语者在混合语言测试块中以优势语言比非优势语言更慢地命名图片。25 名年长的和 48 名年轻的西班牙-英语双语者完成了提示语言转换任务。为了测试是否在整个语言或词汇层面应用了抑制,我们首先重复呈现一组图片,然后在实验中途引入第二张列表。与年长的双语者(表现出不显着的语言优势效应)相比,年轻的双语者表现出明显更大的反向语言优势效应。在年轻的双语者中,优势逆转转移到第二个列表中,并且在第二个列表中更大(与第一个相比)。后一个结果可能表明抑制部分被重复所抵消,这种方式尚未完全理解。更一般地说,这些结果支持了这样的假设,即衰老会削弱对主要语言的抑制控制,年轻的双语者依赖于转换语言。此外,抑制主要应用于整个语言水平,并且推测,这种形式的语言控制可能类似于非语言主动控制。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA,保留所有权利)。后一个结果可能表明抑制部分被重复所抵消,这种方式尚未完全理解。更一般地说,这些结果支持了这样的假设,即衰老会削弱对主要语言的抑制控制,年轻的双语者依赖于转换语言。此外,抑制主要应用于整个语言水平,并且推测,这种形式的语言控制可能类似于非语言主动控制。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA,保留所有权利)。后一个结果可能表明抑制部分被重复所抵消,这种方式尚未完全理解。更一般地说,这些结果支持了这样的假设,即衰老会削弱对主要语言的抑制控制,年轻的双语者依赖于转换语言。此外,抑制主要应用于整个语言水平,并且推测,这种形式的语言控制可能类似于非语言主动控制。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA,保留所有权利)。这种形式的语言控制可能类似于非语言主动控制。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA,保留所有权利)。这种形式的语言控制可能类似于非语言主动控制。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA,保留所有权利)。
更新日期:2021-06-24
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