Macrophages play a central role in the host response and the integration of implant materials. The nanostructured TiF _x /TiO _x coating (FOTi) on titanium surfaces has shown multiple properties, including antibacterial properties and bioactivity. However, little is known about the effects of these coatings on the regulation of macrophage activity and the subsequent immunomodulatory effects on osteogenesis. In this study, the behavior of macrophages on the FOTi samples was evaluated, and conditioned medium was collected and used to stimulate MC3T3-E1 cells in vitro. The results showed that the FOTi samples stimulated macrophage elongation and promoted the production of proinflammatory cytokines at 24 h, while induced macrophage polarization to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype at 72 h. Furthermore, the immune microenvironment generated by macrophage/ FOTi samples interactions effectively promoted the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, as evidenced by improved cell adhesion, enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity and extracellular matrix mineralization, and upregulated osteogenesis-related gene expression. In summary, the FOTi samples mediated macrophage phenotype behaviors and induced beneficial immunomodulatory effects on osteogenesis, which could be a potential strategy for the surface modification of bone biomaterials.

巨噬细胞在宿主反应和植入材料整合中起着核心作用。钛表面上的纳米结构 TiF _x /TiO _x涂层 (FOTi) 显示出多种特性，包括抗菌特性和生物活性。然而，关于这些涂层对巨噬细胞活性调节的影响以及随后对成骨的免疫调节作用知之甚少。本研究评估巨噬细胞对 FOTi 样本的行为，收集条件培养基用于体外刺激 MC3T3-E1 细胞 . 结果表明，FOTi 样品在 24 小时刺激巨噬细胞伸长并促进促炎细胞因子的产生，同时在 72 小时诱导巨噬细胞极化为抗炎 M2 表型。此外，巨噬细胞/FOTi 样品相互作用产生的免疫微环境有效地促进了 MC3T3-E1 细胞的成骨分化，这可以通过改善细胞粘附、增强碱性磷酸酶活性和细胞外基质矿化以及上调成骨相关基因表达来证明。总之，FOTi 样品介导了巨噬细胞表型行为并诱导了对成骨的有益免疫调节作用，这可能是骨生物材料表面改性的潜在策略。