INTRODUCTION An emerging body of research has developed around tobacco retailer density and its contribution to smoking behavior. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the association between tobacco retailer density and smoking behavior in a rural Australian jurisdiction without a tobacco retailer licensing system in place. METHODS A local government database (updated 2018) of listed tobacco retailers (n=93) was accessed and potential unlisted tobacco retailers (n=230) were added using online searches. All retailers (n=323) were visited in 2019 and GPS coordinates of retailers that sold tobacco (n=125) were assigned to suburbs in ArcMap. A community survey conducted in the Local Government Area provided smoking and sociodemographic data amongst adult respondents (n=8981). Associations between tobacco retailer density (calculated as the number of retailers per km2 based on respondents' suburb of residence) and daily, occasional and experimental smoking were assessed using multilevel logistic regression analysis. Separate models with and without covariates were undertaken. RESULTS Without adjusting for possible confounders, living in suburbs with greater retailer density did not increase the odds of daily smoking (OR=1.01; 95% CI: 0.92-1.12), occasional smoking (OR=1.05; 95% CI: 0.94-1.18), or experimental smoking (OR=0.98; 95% 0.92- 1.05). However, after adjustment, living in suburbs with greater retailer density increased the odds of occasional smoking behavior (AOR=1.37; 95% CI: 1.10-1.71) but not daily or experimental smoking. CONCLUSIONS This study found a significant positive association between tobacco retailer density and the likelihood of occasional smoking in a rural Australian jurisdiction without a tobacco retailer licensing system in place. The findings strengthen calls for the introduction of a comprehensive, positive tobacco retailer licensing system to provide a framework for improving compliance with legislation and to reduce the overall availability of tobacco products in the community.

中文翻译：

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没有烟草零售商许可制度的澳大利亚农村地区的烟草零售商密度和吸烟行为。

引言 围绕烟草零售商密度及其对吸烟行为的贡献开展了一项新兴研究。这项横断面研究旨在确定没有烟草零售商许可制度的澳大利亚农村地区烟草零售商密度与吸烟行为之间的关联。方法 访问了列出的烟草零售商（n=93）的地方政府数据库（2018 年更新），并使用在线搜索添加了潜在的未上市烟草零售商（n=230）。2019 年访问了所有零售商 (n=323)，并将销售烟草的零售商 (n=125) 的 GPS 坐标分配到 ArcMap 中的郊区。在地方政府区域进行的社区调查提供了成年受访者 (n=8981) 的吸烟和社会人口统计数据。烟草零售商密度（根据受访者居住的郊区计算为每平方公里的零售商数量）与每日、偶尔和实验性吸烟之间的关联使用多级逻辑回归分析进行评估。分别采用了有和没有协变量的模型。结果 如果不调整可能的混杂因素，居住在零售商密度较高的郊区不会增加每日吸烟（OR=1.01；95% CI：0.92-1.12）、偶尔吸烟（OR=1.05；95% CI：0.94-1.18）的几率），或实验性吸烟（OR=0.98；95% 0.92-1.05）。然而，调整后，居住在零售商密度较大的郊区会增加偶尔吸烟行为的几率（AOR=1.37；95% CI：1.10-1.71），但不会增加每天或实验性吸烟的几率。结论 本研究发现，在没有适当的烟草零售商许可制度的澳大利亚农村辖区，烟草零售商密度与偶尔吸烟的可能性之间存在显着的正相关。调查结果加强了对引入全面、积极的烟草零售商许可制度的呼吁，以提供一个框架，以提高对立法的遵守情况并减少社区中烟草产品的整体供应。