By using the conceptual framework of bilinear acculturation, this study examined Korean immigrant mothers' parenting practices among 389 mother-youth (adolescent children in middle or high school) dyads. We examined (a) how mothers' acculturation and enculturation were related to mainstream (i.e., authoritarian vs. authoritative styles, communication, warmth/bonding, autonomy support) versus culture specific parenting practices (i.e., interdependence, commitment to education, academic control) and (b) how parenting practices were, in turn, linked to youth outcomes of depression, antisocial behaviors, and academic performance as measured 1.5 years later. Mothers and youth had significant perceptual gaps in parenting practices, especially in autonomy support and parental commitment to education. Therefore, path analyses were conducted separately for mother-reported versus youth-reported parenting. As hypothesized, mothers' acculturation was more closely related to mainstream parenting, while enculturation was to culture specific parenting. Mother-reported autonomy support predicted higher academic performance, while youth-reported authoritarian parenting predicted lower academic performance. Youth-reported communication predicted lower depression and antisocial behaviors. The current findings have implications for parenting and family interventions to optimize Korean immigrant youth's wellbeing in the bicultural context. Additionally, bilinear acculturation was found to be a useful conceptual framework in studying immigrant parenting.

中文翻译：

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韩国移民母亲的育儿实践考察：通过使用双线性文化适应的框架。

通过使用双线性文化适应的概念框架，本研究考察了 389 名母亲-青年（初中或高中的青少年儿童）对韩国移民母亲的育儿实践。我们检查了 (a) 母亲的文化适应和文化适应与主流（即专制与权威风格、沟通、温暖/纽带、自主支持）与文化特定育儿实践（即相互依赖、对教育的承诺、学术控制）之间的关系(b) 育儿实践又如何与 1.5 年后测量的青少年抑郁症、反社会行为和学业成绩相关联。母亲和青少年在育儿实践方面存在显着的感知差距，特别是在自主支持和父母对教育的承诺方面。所以，路径分析分别针对母亲报告和青少年报告的养育方式进行。正如假设的那样，母亲的文化适应与主流育儿更密切相关，而文化适应则与文化特定的育儿密切相关。母亲报告的自主支持预示着更高的学习成绩，而青少年报告的威权养育则预示着较低的学习成绩。青少年报告的交流预测较低的抑郁和反社会行为。目前的研究结果对在双文化背景下优化韩国移民青年福祉的育儿和家庭干预具有重要意义。此外，发现双线性文化适应是研究移民育儿的有用概念框架。文化适应与主流养育更密切相关，而文化适应则与文化特定的养育有关。母亲报告的自主支持预示着更高的学习成绩，而青少年报告的威权养育则预示着较低的学习成绩。青少年报告的交流预测较低的抑郁和反社会行为。目前的研究结果对在双文化背景下优化韩国移民青年福祉的育儿和家庭干预具有重要意义。此外，发现双线性文化适应是研究移民育儿的有用概念框架。文化适应与主流养育更密切相关，而文化适应则与文化特定的养育有关。母亲报告的自主支持预示着更高的学习成绩，而青少年报告的威权养育则预示着较低的学习成绩。青少年报告的交流预测较低的抑郁和反社会行为。目前的研究结果对在双文化背景下优化韩国移民青年福祉的育儿和家庭干预具有重要意义。此外，发现双线性文化适应是研究移民育儿的有用概念框架。而青年报告的威权养育方式则预测学业成绩较低。青少年报告的交流预测较低的抑郁和反社会行为。目前的研究结果对在双文化背景下优化韩国移民青年福祉的育儿和家庭干预具有重要意义。此外，发现双线性文化适应是研究移民育儿的有用概念框架。而青年报告的威权养育方式则预测学业成绩较低。青少年报告的交流预测较低的抑郁和反社会行为。目前的研究结果对在双文化背景下优化韩国移民青年福祉的育儿和家庭干预具有重要意义。此外，发现双线性文化适应是研究移民育儿的有用概念框架。