Ventenata [Ventenata dubia (Leers) Coss.] is a nonindigenous, invasive grass in the inland Pacific Northwest (PNW) of the United States. It appears to be present in the PNW without any evidence of disease expression. Surveys of V. dubia in the PNW (Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington) were entirely negative for fungi, including types of pathogens that might be expected in grasses (e.g., rust, powdery mildew, choke). In Europe, where V. dubia is native, fungi were documented (i.e., Septoria ventenatae Sandu, Tilletia fusca Ellis & Everh., and Tilletia elisabethae T. Denchev & Denchev) on V. dubia. In its native range there likely are natural enemies that may limit V. dubia abundance, and these may include fungal pathogens. Pathogens of V. dubia from its native range may hold potential for use as classical biological control agents in North America, and if deemed safe, could be introduced. To ascertain V. dubia’s native range, we compiled data from herbarium specimens, consulted with herbarium curators in the region, and searched relevant literature. We found that V. dubia primarily is reported in southern Europe and western Asia. Ventenata dubia has been reported only occasionally from North Africa in Algeria and Morocco. The common name “North Africa grass” likely originated from references to V. dubia in the 19th-century botanical explorations in Algeria of the French botanist, Ernest Cosson, who published the current scientific name based on a preexisting name in 1854. Another finding of interest is that the latitudinal range of collections from Europe and North Africa of V. dubia spans Tunisia to Finland. The plant may thus be adapted to a range of environments, indicating it could become more widely distributed in North America. Efforts to search its native range for pathogens should also consider the range of environmental conditions found within its native and introduced ranges.

中文翻译：

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Ventenata dubia的原生范围和植物病原体生物防治的考虑

文特纳塔 [狐臭(Leers) Coss.] 是美国西北太平洋内陆 (PNW) 的一种非本土侵入性草。它似乎存在于太平洋西北地区，但没有任何疾病表现的证据。的调查五、杜比亚在太平洋西北地区（爱达荷州、蒙大拿州、俄勒冈州和华盛顿州），真菌完全阴性，包括可能在草中预期的病原体类型（例如，锈病、白粉病、窒息）。在欧洲，哪里五、杜比亚是原生的，真菌被记录在案（即，七叶树三都，黄花炭疽病菌Ellis & Everh. 和伊丽莎白线虫T. Denchev & Denchev) 关于五、杜比亚. 在其原生范围内，可能存在可能限制五、杜比亚丰富，其中可能包括真菌病原体。病原体五、杜比亚来自其原生范围的可能具有在北美用作经典生物控制剂的潜力，并且如果认为安全，可以引入。确定五、杜比亚的原生地，我们从植物标本馆收集数据，咨询了该地区的植物标本馆馆长，并检索了相关文献。我们发现五、杜比亚主要见于南欧和西亚。狐臭仅在阿尔及利亚和摩洛哥的北非偶尔有报道。通用名称“北非草”可能源于对五、杜比亚在 19 世纪法国植物学家欧内斯特·科森 (Ernest Cosson) 在阿尔及利亚进行的植物学探索中，他在 1854 年根据一个已有的名称发表了当前的学名。另一个有趣的发现是来自欧洲和北非的收藏品的纬度范围五、杜比亚跨越突尼斯至芬兰。因此，该植物可以适应一系列环境，这表明它可以在北美更广泛地分布。在其原生范围内寻找病原体的努力还应考虑在其原生和引入范围内发现的环境条件范围。