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Intersex Bodies in Premodern Islamic Discourse
Journal of Middle East Women's Studies ( IF 0.815 ) Pub Date : 2018-07-01 , DOI: 10.1215/15525864-6680205
Indira Falk Gesink

ABSTRACT:Sexuality scholarship demonstrates the historical production of the male/female sexual binary in scientific discourse. While some scholars have applied the insights of this scholarship to modern Islamic contexts, studies on intersex persons (khuntha) in premodern Islamic societies often underestimate the nonjudgmental character of legal and medical discourse. Based on analysis of medical, lexicographical, and juridical discourse from the eighth to the eighteenth centuries, this article argues that the dominant strand of this discourse tolerated ambiguity and flexibility regarding nonbinary sex embodiments. This discourse widely recognized three to five sexual categories, including khuntha mushkil, a "medial sex" with intersex physical characteristics difficult to categorize as predominantly male or female. Jurists and physicians treated such persons as indeterminate or complex, even when assigning them a "provisional" legal sex. Premodern Islamic experts largely understood intersex as ambiguous and mutable when addressing inheritance, prayer, burial, dress, travel, and marriage.

中文翻译:

前现代伊斯兰话语中的双性人身体

摘要:性学术展示了科学话语中男性/女性性别二元论的历史产生。虽然一些学者将这项学术研究的见解应用于现代伊斯兰背景,但对前现代伊斯兰社会中双性人 (khuntha) 的研究往往低估了法律和医学话语的非判断性特征。本文基于对 8 世纪到 18 世纪医学、词典和司法话语的分析,认为该话语的主导部分容忍了非二元性别体现的模糊性和灵活性。该论述广泛认可了三到五个性类别,包括 khuntha mushkil,一种具有双性身体特征的“中间性”,很难将其归类为主要是男性还是女性。法学家和医生将这些人视为不确定或复杂的人,即使在为他们分配“临时”合法性别时也是如此。前现代的伊斯兰专家在谈到继承、祈祷、埋葬、着装、旅行和婚姻时,基本上将双性人理解为模棱两可且易变。
更新日期:2018-07-01
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