I n 2017–18 the Milwaukee Muslim Women’s Coalition (MMWC) partnered with Marquette University sociologist Louise Cainkar to conduct research on the need for and best practices around the development of a community-driven hate-watch mechanism. The MMWC is a Milwaukee-based nonprofit community organization run byMuslim women that engages in outreach, education, and advocacy. The research project was supported by a grant from Marquette University’s Office of Community Engagement. The idea behind this initiative was to improve reporting of hate incidents experienced by members of the Muslim community. As MMWC director Janan Najeeb noted at the outset of the project, their organization often learned about hate-based experiences suffered by community members by happenstance, as the details circulated through the communitymainly by word ofmouth. Few instances of hate andharassment are formally reported, because there has been no one to report them to and because many of them do not take the form of reportable criminal acts. This situation gives the false impression that all is well and good for Muslims in greater Milwaukee. To uncover what community members experience and to discern what can be done to improve reporting, the MMWC recruited participants for a series of focus groups mainly composed of women. These focus groups revealed widespread taunting and harassment of women in hijab and heightened nativist antipathy toward Muslims, who are often presumed to be immigrants and refugees; that is, they are seen as foreigners.Women inhijab additionally reported being perceived as oppressed and treated as if they were uneducated, illiterate, and unable to speak English.

中文翻译：

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承担仇恨

2017-18 年，密尔沃基穆斯林妇女联盟 (MMWC) 与马凯特大学社会学家 Louise Cainkar 合作，围绕开发社区驱动的仇恨观察机制的必要性和最佳实践开展研究。MMWC 是一个位于密尔沃基的非营利性社区组织，由穆斯林妇女经营，从事外展、教育和宣传。该研究项目得到了马凯特大学社区参与办公室的资助。该倡议背后的想法是改进对穆斯林社区成员所经历的仇恨事件的报告。正如 MMWC 主管 Janan Najeeb 在项目开始时指出的那样，他们的组织经常通过偶然事件了解社区成员遭受的基于仇恨的经历，因为详细信息主要通过口耳相传在社区中传播。很少有人正式报告仇恨和骚扰事件，因为没有人可以向他们报告，而且其中许多没有采取可报告的犯罪行为的形式。这种情况给人一种错误的印象，即大密尔沃基的穆斯林一切都很好。为了揭示社区成员的经历并了解可以采取哪些措施来改进报告，MMWC 为主要由女性组成的一系列焦点小组招募了参与者。这些焦点小组揭示了对戴头巾的妇女的普遍嘲弄和骚扰，以及对穆斯林的本土主义反感加剧，穆斯林通常被认为是移民和难民；也就是说，她们被视为外国人。另外，戴头巾的女性还报告说她们被视为受压迫，被视为没有受过教育、文盲和不会说英语。