The wheat bug, Nysius huttoni White, mainly reported as a pest of wheat and forage brassicas, is native to New Zealand. This pest has been accidentally introduced into The Netherland and Belgium during apple exports from New Zealand. The bug population is abundant in open sparse vegetations and hot-dry habitats, and feeds on dropping seeds. It damages wheat grains during milk-ripe stage by piercing through the glumes into the developing grains that can reduce gluten protein and reduce baking quality. Bugs also suck phloem fluid from seedlings, which can reduce plant establishment in forage brassicas. Early scouting and field monitoring are suggested before making pest management decisions. Seed treatment with neonicotinoids, permethrin, and chlorpyrifos spray in the standing crops are chemical methods of management in New Zealand. These conventional synthetic pesticides have nontarget effects on human health, the environment, and biodiversity. However, preventive measures such as the use of less-susceptible cultivars, and using potential trap crops is other important pest management options. Alyssum (Lobularia maritima L. Desv. Brassicales: Brassicaceae) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Poales: Poaceae) are two potential trap crops of wheat bug. Kale (Brassica oleracea L.) cultivars, such as Corka and Regal, and wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars, such as Batten, Domino, and Oroua, are less-susceptible cultivars. Understanding the biology and ecology of the pest, and utilizing preventative pest management measures such as the use of trap crops and less-susceptible cultivars, and integrating these with ‘soft’ chemicals make a suitable integrated pest management strategy for this pest.

中文翻译：

---

新西兰地方性小麦臭虫的生物学和管理，Nysius huttoni（半翅目：Lygaeidae）

小麦臭虫 Nysius huttoni White 主要报告为小麦和牧草芸苔属的害虫，原产于新西兰。这种害虫是在从新西兰出口苹果时意外传入荷兰和比利时的。虫群在开阔的稀疏植被和炎热干燥的栖息地中丰富，并以掉落的种子为食。它会在牛奶成熟阶段通过胚芽刺入正在发育的谷物中破坏小麦谷物，从而减少面筋蛋白并降低烘焙质量。臭虫还会从幼苗中吸取韧皮部液体，这会减少牧草芸苔中的植株生长。建议在做出害虫管理决定之前进行早期侦察和实地监测。在新西兰，用新烟碱、氯菊酯和毒死蜱喷洒对未立作物进行种子处理是化学管理方法。这些传统的合成农药对人类健康、环境和生物多样性具有非目标性影响。然而，其他重要的害虫管理选择是预防措施，例如使用易感性较低的品种和使用潜在的诱捕作物。Alyssum (Lobularia maritima L. Desv. Brassicales: Brassicaceae) 和小麦 (Triticum aestivum L. Poales: Poaceae) 是小麦虫的两种潜在诱捕作物。羽衣甘蓝 (Brassica oleracea L.) 品种，例如 Corka 和 Regal，以及小麦 (Triticum aestivum) 品种，例如 Batten、Domino 和 Oroua，是不太易感的品种。了解害虫的生物学和生态学，并利用预防性害虫管理措施，例如使用诱捕作物和不易受感染的品种，