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Establishment and Distribution of Laricobius spp. (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), a Predator of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid, Within the Urban Environment in Two Localities in Southwest Virginia
Journal of Integrated Pest Management ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-01-01 , DOI: 10.1093/jipm/pmz027
Jeremiah R Foley 1 , Thomas J McAvoy 1 , Seth Dorman 1 , Kyle Bekelja 1 , Timothy J Kring 1 , Scott M Salom 1
Affiliation  

Hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), Adelges tsugae Annand, is a highly destructive non-native pest lethal to eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière, and Carolina hemlock, T. caroliniana Engelmann. Fifty years following the first observation of HWA in eastern North America, a predatory beetle, Laricobius nigrinus Fender, was evaluated, approved, and released as a biological control agent. Efforts were made to mass rear L. nigrinus with the goal of redistributing the beetles on public lands, typically in forest ecosystems, as a secondary option to silvicultural and chemical controls. The majority of L. nigrinus releases has occurred on public lands. Herein, we report the observation of L. nigrinus within the urban environment outside of known release locations. Two towns, Blacksburg and Radford, were divided into 0.40 km grids. A total of 27 and 19 grids were randomly selected from each town, respectively. Hemlocks were present in 44 and 42% of the grids surveyed in Blacksburg and Radford, respectively. In Blacksburg and Radford, 86 and 100% of the grids with hemlocks were infested with HWA, and of those infested hemlocks, Laricobius spp. was present in 100 and 75% of grids, respectively. A total of 154 Laricobius spp. (98% L. nigrinus and 2% Laricobius rubidus) adults were collected between each town. While it is unclear the level of control L. nigrinus has on reducing HWA's impact, the establishment of this biological control agent in the urban environment is an additional level of predation, that would otherwise not be present, for homeowners with HWAinfested trees.

中文翻译:

Laricobius spp. 的建立和分布。(鞘翅目:Derodontidae),在弗吉尼亚州西南部两个地区的城市环境中的铁杉 Woolly Adelgid 的捕食者

铁杉羊毛 adelgid (HWA) Adelges tsugae Annand 是一种对东部铁杉、Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière 和卡罗莱纳州铁杉 T. caroliniana Engelmann 具有高度破坏性的非本地害虫。在北美东部首次观察到 HWA 五十年后,一种掠食性甲虫 Laricobius nigrinus Fender 被评估、批准并作为生物控制剂发布。努力大规模饲养 L. nigrinus,目标是在公共土地上重新分布甲虫,通常在森林生态系统中,作为造林和化学控制的次要选择。大多数 L. nigrinus 释放发生在公共土地上。在此,我们报告了在已知释放地点之外的城市环境中观察到的 L. nigrinus。Blacksburg 和 Radford 两个城镇被划分为 0.40 公里的网格。分别从每个城镇随机抽取了 27 个和 19 个网格。在 Blacksburg 和 Radford 调查的网格中,分别有 44% 和 42% 的网格存在铁杉。在 Blacksburg 和 Radford,86% 和 100% 的铁杉网格被 HWA 侵染,在这些被侵染的铁杉中,Laricobius spp。分别出现在 100% 和 75% 的网格中。总共 154 个 Laricobius 属。(98% L. nigrinus 和 2% Laricobius rubidus)成虫在每个城镇之间收集。虽然尚不清楚黑灰黑斑病菌对减少 HWA 影响的控制水平,但在城市环境中建立这种生物控制剂是额外的捕食水平,否则对于有 HWA 感染树木的房主来说是不会存在的。在 Blacksburg 和 Radford 调查的网格中,分别有 44% 和 42% 的网格存在铁杉。在 Blacksburg 和 Radford,86% 和 100% 的铁杉网格被 HWA 侵染,在这些被侵染的铁杉中,Laricobius spp。分别出现在 100% 和 75% 的网格中。总共 154 个 Laricobius 属。(98% L. nigrinus 和 2% Laricobius rubidus)成虫在每个城镇之间收集。虽然尚不清楚黑灰黑斑病菌对减少 HWA 影响的控制水平,但在城市环境中建立这种生物控制剂是额外的捕食水平,否则对于有 HWA 感染树木的房主来说是不会存在的。在 Blacksburg 和 Radford 调查的网格中,分别有 44% 和 42% 的网格存在铁杉。在 Blacksburg 和 Radford,86% 和 100% 的铁杉网格被 HWA 侵染,在这些被侵染的铁杉中,Laricobius spp。分别出现在 100% 和 75% 的网格中。总共 154 个 Laricobius 属。(98% L. nigrinus 和 2% Laricobius rubidus)成虫在每个城镇之间收集。虽然尚不清楚黑灰黑斑病菌对减少 HWA 影响的控制水平,但在城市环境中建立这种生物控制剂是额外的捕食水平,否则对于有 HWA 感染树木的房主来说是不会存在的。在那些受感染的铁杉中,Laricobius spp。分别出现在 100% 和 75% 的网格中。总共 154 个 Laricobius 属。(98% L. nigrinus 和 2% Laricobius rubidus)成虫在每个城镇之间收集。虽然尚不清楚黑灰黑斑病菌对减少 HWA 影响的控制水平,但在城市环境中建立这种生物控制剂是额外的捕食水平,否则对于有 HWA 感染树木的房主来说是不存在的。在那些受感染的铁杉中,Laricobius spp。分别出现在 100% 和 75% 的网格中。总共 154 个 Laricobius 属。(98% L. nigrinus 和 2% Laricobius rubidus)成虫在每个城镇之间收集。虽然尚不清楚黑灰黑斑病菌对减少 HWA 影响的控制水平,但在城市环境中建立这种生物控制剂是额外的捕食水平,否则对于有 HWA 感染树木的房主来说是不会存在的。
更新日期:2019-01-01
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