Purpose

The purpose of this research is to empirically examine the impact of selecting entrepreneurial framework conditions on the success of entrepreneurs in a conflict zone. The study was conducted in Kashmir, which is a fitting conflict context. The study undertaken responds to the call by multiple authors to substantiate the entrepreneurship literature with empirical evidence from conflict-affected areas. The authors argue that better entrepreneurial framework conditions will enhance entrepreneurial success in conflict zones. This research work is important because it will add to our understanding of the influences of the entrepreneurial ecosystem on entrepreneurs who pursue an entrepreneurial career in conflict zones. This research will add to the existing body of knowledge, which seemingly lacks evidence from conflict zones. Furthermore, this research is important in the Kashmir context because this research will provide insights to stakeholders such as entrepreneurs, government agencies, entrepreneurship development agencies and NGOs, etc.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors surveyed 400 entrepreneurs in the manufacturing, services and retail sectors in Kashmir through a questionnaire. The self-reported responses were used for assessment of entrepreneurial framework conditions and financial and non-financial performance. The data were analysed through the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the hypothesised relationships. The results were considerable.

Findings

The authors found that most Kashmiri entrepreneurs do not find the entrepreneurial framework conditions supportive of their business. Upon testing the hypothesis, they found a significant and positive impact of entrepreneurial finance, government policies and cultural and social norms on entrepreneurial success. The common belief that ease in market dynamics would positively impact success was negated in this case. They found a significant and negative impact of market dynamics on success. Furthermore, the physical, commercial and professional infrastructure and services showed insignificant results.

Research limitations/implications

This research provides insights about the requirements of entrepreneurial framework conditions in a conflict zone for achieving successful results. The current study acknowledges the call of researchers to carry out quantitative studies in conflict zones.

Practical implications

The findings of this research might prove to be beneficial to the entrepreneurs, policymakers, government agencies and other stakeholders. If taken into consideration while formulating the policies in favour of entrepreneurs in a conflict zone, the findings of this research are an added resource. The current research might be valuable to the Government of Kashmir in recognising the perception of entrepreneurs towards the initiatives or the policies drafted in the past.

Originality/value

As per the knowledge of researchers, no such study has been conducted in Kashmir vis-a-vis the variables studied. The study is original in terms of analysing the impact of the environment on the success of entrepreneurs in a conflict zone in Kashmir.

中文翻译：

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企业家的成功是否取决于冲突地区的环境：来自印控克什米尔的见解

目的

本研究的目的是实证检验选择创业框架条件对冲突地区创业者成功的影响。该研究是在克什米尔进行的，这是一个合适的冲突环境。这项研究响应了多位作者的呼吁，即用受冲突影响地区的经验证据来证实创业文献。作者认为，更好的创业框架条件将提高冲突地区的创业成功率。这项研究工作很重要，因为它将加深我们对创业生态系统对在冲突地区追求创业生涯的企业家的影响的理解。这项研究将增加现有的知识体系，这些知识似乎缺乏来自冲突地区的证据。此外，

设计/方法/方法

作者通过问卷调查了克什米尔制造业、服务业和零售业的 400 名企业家。自我报告的回答用于评估创业框架条件以及财务和非财务绩效。通过偏最小二乘结构方程模型（PLS-SEM）分析数据以检验假设的关系。结果相当可观。

发现

作者发现，大多数克什米尔企业家没有发现支持他们业务的创业框架条件。在检验这一假设后，他们发现创业融资、政府政策以及文化和社会规范对创业成功具有显着且积极的影响。在这种情况下，市场动态的缓解将对成功产生积极影响的普遍信念被否定了。他们发现市场动态对成功有显着的负面影响。此外，物理、商业和专业基础设施和服务的成果并不显着。

研究限制/影响

这项研究提供了有关冲突地区创业框架条件对取得成功结果的要求的见解。目前的研究承认研究人员呼吁在冲突地区进行定量研究。

实际影响

这项研究的结果可能对企业家、政策制定者、政府机构和其他利益相关者有益。如果在制定有利于冲突地区企业家的政策时考虑到这一点，这项研究的结果是一种额外的资源。当前的研究可能对克什米尔政府有价值，因为它认识到企业家对过去起草的倡议或政策的看法。

原创性/价值

根据研究人员的知识，在克什米尔尚未针对所研究的变量进行此类研究。该研究在分析环境对克什米尔冲突地区企业家成功的影响方面具有独创性。