Acute kidney injury (AKI), as a common oxidative stress-related renal disease, causes high mortality in clinics annually, and many other clinical diseases, including the pandemic COVID-19, have a high potential to cause AKI, yet only rehydration, renal dialysis, and other supportive therapies are available for AKI in the clinics. Nanotechnology-mediated antioxidant therapy represents a promising therapeutic strategy for AKI treatment. However, current enzyme-mimicking nanoantioxidants show poor biocompatibility and biodegradability, as well as non-specific ROS level regulation, further potentially causing deleterious adverse effects. Herein, the authors report a novel non-enzymatic antioxidant strategy based on ultrathin Ti₃C₂-PVP nanosheets (TPNS) with excellent biocompatibility and great chemical reactivity toward multiple ROS for AKI treatment. These TPNS nanosheets exhibit enzyme/ROS-triggered biodegradability and broad-spectrum ROS scavenging ability through the readily occurring redox reaction between Ti₃C₂ and various ROS, as verified by theoretical calculations. Furthermore, both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrate that TPNS can serve as efficient antioxidant platforms to scavenge the overexpressed ROS and subsequently suppress oxidative stress-induced inflammatory response through inhibition of NF-κB signal pathway for AKI treatment. This study highlights a new type of therapeutic agent, that is, the redox-mediated non-enzymatic antioxidant MXene nanoplatforms in treatment of AKI and other ROS-associated diseases.

中文翻译：

---

氧化还原介导的人工非酶抗氧化剂 MXene 纳米平台用于缓解急性肾损伤

急性肾损伤（AKI）作为一种常见的氧化应激相关肾脏疾病，每年在临床中造成较高的死亡率，而包括大流行的COVID-19在内的许多其他临床疾病也有很高的潜力导致AKI，但只有补液、肾诊所可针对 AKI 进行透析和其他支持疗法。纳米技术介导的抗氧化疗法代表了 AKI 治疗的一种有前途的治疗策略。然而，目前的模拟酶纳米抗氧化剂表现出较差的生物相容性和生物降解性，以及非特异性的ROS水平调节，进一步可能导致有害的副作用。_{在此，作者报告了一种基于超薄 Ti 3} C ₂ -PVP 纳米片 (TPNS) 的新型非酶抗氧化策略，该策略具有优异的生物相容性和对多种 ROS 的良好化学反应性，用于 AKI 治疗。_{这些TPNS纳米片通过Ti 3} C ₂和各种ROS之间容易发生的氧化还原反应表现出酶/ROS触发的生物降解性和广谱ROS清除能力，经理论计算验证。此外，体内和体外实验均表明，TPNS 可以作为有效的抗氧化平台，清除过度表达的 ROS，随后通过抑制 NF-κ B信号通路抑制氧化应激诱导的炎症反应，用于 AKI 治疗。这项研究重点介绍了一种新型治疗剂，即氧化还原介导的非酶抗氧化剂 MXene 纳米平台，用于治疗 AKI 和其他 ROS 相关疾病。