As of 2020, the world has an estimated 290 million ha of planted forests and this number is continuously increasing. Of these, 131 million ha are monospecific planted forests under intensive management. Although monospecific planted forests are important in providing timber, they harbor less biodiversity and are potentially more susceptible to disturbances than natural or diverse planted forests. Here, we point out the increasing scientific evidence for increased resilience and ecosystem service provision of functionally and species diverse planted forests (hereafter referred to as diverse planted forests) compared to monospecific ones. Furthermore, we propose five concrete steps to foster the adoption of diverse planted forests: (1) improve awareness of benefits and practical options of diverse planted forests among land-owners, managers, and investors; (2) incentivize tree species diversity in public funding of afforestation and programs to diversify current maladapted planted forests of low diversity; (3) develop new wood-based products that can be derived from many different tree species not yet in use; (4) invest in research to assess landscape benefits of diverse planted forests for functional connectivity and resilience to global-change threats; and (5) improve the evidence base on diverse planted forests, in particular in currently under-represented regions, where new options could be tested.

中文翻译：

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为了恢复力和多功能性，让我们多样化人工林！

截至 2020 年，全球人工林面积估计为 2.9 亿公顷，而且这个数字还在不断增加。其中，1.31 亿公顷是集中管理的单种人工林。尽管单种人工林在提供木材方面很重要，但它们的生物多样性较少，并且可能比天然或多样化的人工林更容易受到干扰。在这里，我们指出越来越多的科学证据表明，与单一品种的人工林相比，功能和物种多样化的人工林（以下称为多样化人工林）的恢复力和生态系统服务提供增加。此外，我们提出了促进采用多样化人工林的五个具体步骤：（1）提高土地所有者、管理者、和投资者；(2) 在造林和计划的公共资金中鼓励树种多样性，以使当前适应不良的低多样性人工林多样化；(3) 开发新的木质产品，这些产品可以来自许多尚未使用的不同树种；(4) 投资研究以评估各种人工林的景观效益，以实现功能连通性和对全球变化威胁的抵御能力；(5) 改善各种人工林的证据基础，特别是在目前代表性不足的地区，新的选择可以在这些地区进行测试。(4) 投资研究以评估各种人工林的景观效益，以实现功能连通性和对全球变化威胁的抵御能力；(5) 改善各种人工林的证据基础，特别是在目前代表性不足的地区，新的选择可以在这些地区进行测试。(4) 投资研究以评估各种人工林的景观效益，以实现功能连通性和对全球变化威胁的抵御能力；(5) 改善各种人工林的证据基础，特别是在目前代表性不足的地区，新的选择可以在这些地区进行测试。