Relatively little research has explored whether there is a systemic urban-rural divide in the political and socioeconomic attitudes of citizens across Europe. Drawing on individual-level data from the European Social Survey, we argue that there are strong and significant differences between the populations in these different settings, especially across western European countries. We suggest that this divide is a continuum, running on a gradient from inner cities to suburbs, towns and the countryside. The differences are explained by both composition and contextual effects, and underscore how a firmer appreciation of the urban-rural divide is integral to future place-based policy responses.

中文翻译：

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政治觉醒的城乡两极分化：对 30 个欧洲国家的社会和政治态度的调查

相对较少的研究探讨了整个欧洲公民的政治和社会经济态度是否存在系统性城乡差异。根据欧洲社会调查的个人数据，我们认为在这些不同环境中的人群之间存在强烈而显着的差异，尤其是在西欧国家。我们认为，这种分界线是一个连续体，从内城到郊区、城镇和乡村，呈梯度变化。这些差异可以通过构成和背景效应来解释，并强调了对城乡差距的更坚定的认识如何成为未来基于地方的政策反应的组成部分。