The combined effect of climate change and steadily increasing seawater demand for industrial and domestic purposes in the Arabian Gulf region has a significant impact on the ecosystem in this region. Additionally, this effect may reduce the efficiency and increase the operating costs of industrial facilities that utilize seawater for cooling and other purposes. In this context, it is important to know various statistical characteristics of the sea surface temperature (SST) and their trends, in addition to the mean climatological characteristics. The analysis conducted in this study utilized a 17-year Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature Level 4 dataset of 0.01 × 0.01° spatial resolution. First, the dataset was compared against a 2-year seawater temperature measurements at the ten offshore buoys in the relatively shallow coastal waters of the United Arab Emirates between Ras Ghumais and Dubai, which showed a reasonably good agreement between the two datasets, with the estimated root mean square deviations ranging from 0.5 to 0.9°C. Subsequently, several statistical SST characteristics were calculated. The trend analysis showed not only positive tendencies in the mean SSTs of up to 0.08°C/year in the northern Gulf, but also the trends in the annual percentile exceedances, particularly the 95^th percentiles (near-maximum SSTs), which increased by approximately 0.07°C/year in the western United Arab Emirates and eastern Qatar waters. On the contrary, the 5^th percentiles (near-minimum SSTs) decreased by up to 0.1°C/year, especially in the waters around Bahrain, Qatar, and the western United Arab Emirates. These results indicate that extreme hot and cold SST events in the Gulf are becoming more frequent and more extreme than before.

气候变化和阿拉伯湾地区工业和家庭对海水需求的稳步增长的综合影响对该地区的生态系统产生了重大影响。此外，这种影响可能会降低利用海水进行冷却和其他目的的工业设施的效率并增加其运营成本。在这种情况下，除了平均气候特征外，了解海面温度 (SST) 的各种统计特征及其趋势也很重要。本研究中进行的分析使用了一个 17 年组的高分辨率海面温度 4 级数据集，其空间分辨率为 0.01 × 0.01°。第一的，该数据集与阿拉伯联合酋长国 Ras Ghumais 和迪拜之间相对较浅的沿海水域的 10 个近海浮标的 2 年海水温度测量值进行了比较，这表明两个数据集之间具有相当好的一致性，估计根均值平方偏差范围为 0.5 至 0.9°C。随后，计算了几个统计 SST 特征。趋势分析表明，不仅海湾北部平均海温高达 0.08°C/年，而且年百分位超标的趋势，特别是 95 计算了几个统计 SST 特征。趋势分析表明，不仅海湾北部平均海温高达 0.08°C/年，而且年百分位超标的趋势，特别是 95 计算了几个统计 SST 特征。趋势分析表明，不仅海湾北部平均海温高达 0.08°C/年，而且年百分位超标的趋势，特别是 95^th百分位数（接近最大海温），在阿拉伯联合酋长国西部和卡塔尔东部水域增加了大约 0.07°C/年。相反，第 5^个百分位数（接近最低海温）下降了 0.1°C/年，尤其是在巴林、卡塔尔和阿拉伯联合酋长国西部附近的水域。这些结果表明，海湾地区的极端冷热海温事件正变得比以前更加频繁和极端。