Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD) is recognized as a fundamental hydrological process that supports many coastal biogeochemical cycles and social - ecological systems. However, very little has been investigated about how SGD affects society and, specifically, human well-being. This study systematically examines the published scientific literature on the social implications of SGD by using an Ecosystem Service (ES) perspective. Coastal services provided by ecosystems dependent on SGD are analyzed and clustered in the four main categories of Ecosystem Services (i.e., Provisioning, Supporting, Regulating and Cultural), which are in turn divided into subcategories defined as outcomes. This allows identifying and discussing both benefits and threats to coastal societies resulting from SGD outcomes. From the 1532 articles initially reviewed, the most frequently mentioned category was the supporting services (835) due to the mainstream trend in scientific literature to focus on the role of SGD as a process influencing coastal biogeochemical cycles. Conversely, cultural ES were mentioned in only 49 cases, which should not necessarily be interpreted as a lack of research or interest in this topic, but that this type of references are often not found in the scientific literature but in the grey literature. A detailed publication review was additionally conducted, identifying 114 case-studies from 96 different locations worldwide that reported cases in which SGD had social implications on the well-being. Our review also shows how the different types of Ecosystem Services can have multiple synergies and trade-offs between them, resulting in unequal impacts among stakeholder groups. Overall, this study identifies research gaps related to Ecosystem Services provided by SGD as well as opportunities for further studies, while developing an analytical framework that relies on the Ecosystem Services approach to guide future research on the social implications of SGD.

海底地下水排放 (SGD) 被认为是支持许多沿海生物地球化学循环和社会生态系统的基本水文过程。然而，关于 SGD 如何影响社会，特别是人类福祉的研究很少。本研究使用生态系统服务 (ES) 的角度系统地检查了已发表的关于 SGD 社会影响的科学文献。依赖 SGD 的生态系统提供的沿海服务被分析并归入生态系统服务的四个主要类别（即供应、支持、调节和文化），这些类别又分为定义为结果的子类别。这允许识别和讨论 SGD 结果对沿海社会的好处和威胁。从最初审查的 1532 篇文章中，由于科学文献的主流趋势是关注 SGD 作为影响沿海生物地球化学循环的过程，因此最常提到的类别是支持服务 (835)。相反，文化 ES 仅在 49 个案例中被提及，这并不一定被解释为缺乏对该主题的研究或兴趣，但此类参考文献通常不会在科学文献中找到，而是在灰色文献中找到。此外还进行了详细的出版物审查，确定了来自全球 96 个不同地点的 114 项案例研究，这些案例报告了 SGD 对福祉产生社会影响的案例。我们的审查还显示了不同类型的生态系统服务如何在它们之间产生多种协同作用和权衡，从而导致利益相关者群体之间产生不平等的影响。全面的，