Identity is suggested to have profound environmental implications. However, the magnitude of the relationship between identity and environmental concern varied considerably in previous studies. As the first meta-analysis study to systematically review this topic, we followed previous conceptual discussions to evaluate the relations between four types of identity and environmental concern, which was measured by the new environmental paradigm. Results showed that environmental identity (N = 15,884; r = 0.45), pro-environmental self-identity (N = 4695; r = 0.50), relationship self-expansion identity (N = 8144; r = 0.31), and egoistic identity (N = 13,228; r = −0.10) were all associated with environmental concern. Heterogeneity among the effect sizes was partly explained by societal collectivism-individualism, such that stronger relationships of environmental and self-expansion identities with environmental concern and a weaker relationship between egoistic identity and environmental concern were found in more collectivistic societies. These findings highlight the importance of differentiating the types of identity and acknowledging the powerful moderating role of cultural contexts in environmental research.

身份被认为具有深远的环境影响。然而，在以前的研究中，身份和环境问题之间关系的大小差异很大。作为第一个系统回顾这一主题的元分析研究，我们遵循先前的概念讨论来评估四种类型的身份与环境关注之间的关系，这是由新的环境范式衡量的。结果表明，环境认同（N  = 15,884；r  = 0.45）、亲环境自我认同（N  = 4695；r  = 0.50）、关系自我扩展认同（N  = 8144；r  = 0.31）和利己认同（N  = 13,228；r  = -0.10) 都与环境问题有关。效应大小之间的异质性部分是由社会集体主义-个人主义解释的，因此在更集体主义的社会中发现环境和自我扩张身份与环境关注之间的关系更强，而利己主义与环境关注之间的关系更弱。这些发现强调了区分身份类型和承认文化背景在环境研究中的强大调节作用的重要性。