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Ad Astra – telomeres in space!
International Journal of Radiation Biology ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 , DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1956010
Susan M Bailey 1, 2 , Jared J Luxton 1, 2 , Miles J McKenna 1, 2 , Lynn E Taylor 1 , Kerry A George 3 , Sameer G Jhavar 4 , Gregory P Swanson 4
Affiliation  

Abstract

Purpose

My journey to the stars began as I – along with the whole world – stood still and watched Neil Armstrong take those first small steps on the Moon. Fast forward 50 years and NASA astronauts Scott Kelly and Christina Koch each spend nearly a year in space aboard the International Space Station (ISS), a remarkable multinational collaborative project and floating U.S. National Laboratory that has supported continuous human presence in low Earth orbit for the past 20 years. Marking a new era of human space exploration, the first commercial rocket, SpaceX Falcon 9, recently launched NASA astronauts Doug Hurley and Bob Behnken in the Crew Dragon spacecraft Endeavor to the ISS and returned safely to Earth. NASA and its commercial partners are rapidly advancing innovative space technologies, and with the recently announced Artemis team of astronauts, plans to send the first woman and next man back to the moon and establish sustainable exploration by the end of the decade. Humankind will then be poised to take the next giant leap – pioneering human exploration of Mars.

Conclusions

Historically, fewer than 600 individuals have participated in spaceflight, the vast majority of whom have been middle aged males (35-55 years) on short duration missions (less than 20 days). Thus, as the number and diversity of space travelers increase, a better understanding of how long-duration spaceflight affects human health is essential to maintaining individual astronaut performance during, and improving disease and aging trajectories following, future exploration missions. Here, I review findings from our NASA Twins Study and Telomeres investigations, highlighting potential mechanistic roles of chronic space radiation exposure in changes in telomere length and persistent DNA damage responses associated with long-duration spaceflight. Importantly, similar trends were observed in prostate cancer patients undergoing intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), additional support specifically for the role of radiation exposure. Individual differences in response were also observed in both cohorts, underscoring the importance of developing personalized approaches for evaluating human health effects and long-term outcomes associated with radiation exposures, whether on Earth or living in the extreme environment of space.



中文翻译:

Ad Astra – 太空中的端粒!

摘要

目的

我的星际之旅始于我——与整个世界——站着不动,看着尼尔·阿姆斯特朗在月球上迈出第一步。快进 50 年,美国宇航局宇航员斯科特·凯利和克里斯蒂娜·科赫在国际空间站 (ISS) 上各自在太空中度过了近一年,这是一个非凡的跨国合作项目和浮动美国国家实验室,它支持人类在低地球轨道上持续存在过去 20 年。标志着人类太空探索的新纪元,第一颗商用火箭 SpaceX 猎鹰 9 号最近将 NASA 宇航员 Doug Hurley 和 Bob Behnken 乘坐 Crew Dragon 航天器奋进号发射到国际空间站并安全返回地球。NASA 及其商业合作伙伴正在迅速推进创新的太空技术,并与最近宣布的 Artemis 宇航员团队一起,计划在本世纪末将第一位女性和下一位男性送回月球并建立可持续探索。届时,人类将准备好迈出下一个巨大的飞跃——开创人类对火星的探索。

结论

从历史上看,参加太空飞行的人不到 600 人,其中绝大多数是执行短期任务(少于 20 天)的中年男性(35-55 岁)。因此,随着太空旅行者数量和多样性的增加,更好地了解长期太空飞行如何影响人类健康对于在未来探索任务期间保持宇航员个人表现以及改善疾病和衰老轨迹至关重要。在这里,我回顾了我们的 NASA 双胞胎研究和端粒研究的结果,强调了慢性太空辐射暴露在端粒长度变化和与长期太空飞行相关的持续 DNA 损伤反应中的潜在机制作用。重要的,在接受调强放射治疗 (IMRT) 的前列腺癌患者中观察到了类似的趋势,这进一步支持了辐射暴露的作用。在两个队列中也观察到个体反应差异,强调了开发个性化方法来评估与辐射暴露相关的人类健康影响和长期结果的重要性,无论是在地球上还是生活在太空的极端环境中。

更新日期:2021-07-26
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