Greenhouse gas (GHG) trading markets have been widely discussed for climate change mitigation. However in implementation coverage has not been universal. Agriculture, despite being the source of nearly 25% of net emissions, has not commonly been capped. But it has been mentioned as voluntary source of net emission offsets. Such offsets could arise from action reducing GHG emissions, enhancing sequestration, or producing feedstocks for low emitting bioenergy replacements for fossil based energy. This could be harnessed by setting up voluntary carbon markets that producers could join at their discretion. However, such a scheme could have unintended consequences. We conduct theoretical and empirical analyses of a voluntary “carbon” market examining both intended and unintended effects. We find certain participation rules can stimulate rebound effects from emitters and suppress participation from sequestration and bioenergy producing entities. To overcome this we develop and simulate offset participation limitations that could preclude unintended consequences.

中文翻译：

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农业参与自愿碳市场的意外后果：其性质和避免

温室气体 (GHG) 交易市场已被广泛讨论以缓解气候变化。然而，在实施方面的覆盖面并不普遍。尽管农业是近 25% 的净排放来源，但通常并未设置上限。但有人提到它是净排放抵消的自愿来源。这种抵消可能来自于减少温室气体排放、加强封存或生产低排放生物能源替代化石能源的原料。这可以通过建立生产者可以自行决定加入的自愿碳市场来加以利用。然而，这样的计划可能会产生意想不到的后果。我们对自愿的“碳”市场进行理论和实证分析，检查有意和无意的影响。我们发现某些参与规则可以刺激排放者的反弹效应并抑制封存和生物能源生产实体的参与。为了克服这个问题，我们开发并模拟了抵消参与限制，以防止出现意外后果。