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FPGA-based Physical Unclonable Functions: A comprehensive overview of theory and architectures
Integration ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-17 , DOI: 10.1016/j.vlsi.2021.06.001
N. Nalla Anandakumar 1 , Mohammad S. Hashmi 2 , Mark Tehranipoor 1
Affiliation  

Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are a promising technology and have been proposed as central building blocks in many cryptographic protocols and security architectures. Among other uses, PUFs enable chip identifier/authentication, secret key generation/storage, seed for a random number generator and Intellectual Property (IP) protection. Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are re-configurable hardware systems which have emerged as an interesting trade-off between the versatility of standard microprocessors and the efficiency of Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs). In FPGA devices, PUFs may be instantiated directly from FPGA fabric components in order to exploit the propagation delay differences of signals caused by manufacturing process variations. PUF technology can protect the individual FPGA IP cores with less overhead. In this article, we first provide an extensive survey on the current state-of-the-art of FPGA based PUFs. Then, we provide a detailed performance evaluation result for several FPGA based PUF designs and their comparisons. Subsequently, we briefly report on some of the known attacks on FPGA based PUFs and the corresponding countermeasures. Finally, we conclude with a brief overview of the FPGA based PUF application scenarios and future research directions.



中文翻译:

基于 FPGA 的物理不可克隆函数:理论和架构的全面概述

物理不可克隆函数 (PUF) 是一项很有前途的技术,已被提议作为许多加密协议和安全架构中的核心构建块。在其他用途​​中,PUF 支持芯片标识符/认证、密钥生成/存储、随机数生成器的种子和知识产权 (IP) 保护。现场可编程门阵列 (FPGA) 是可重新配置的硬件系统,它作为标准微处理器的多功能性和专用集成电路 (ASIC) 的效率之间的一种有趣的折衷方案而出现。在 FPGA 器件中,PUF 可以直接从 FPGA 架构组件实例化,以利用由制造工艺变化引起的信号传播延迟差异。PUF 技术可以以更少的开销保护单个 FPGA IP 核。在本文中,我们首先对当前最先进的基于 FPGA 的 PUF 进行了广泛的调查。然后,我们提供了几种基于 FPGA 的 PUF 设计的详细性能评估结果及其比较。随后,我们简要报告了一些已知的基于 FPGA 的 PUF 的攻击以及相应的对策。最后,我们简要概述了基于 FPGA 的 PUF 应用场景和未来的研究方向。

更新日期:2021-07-29
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