The present work explores the relationship between interracial contact and the neural substrates of explicit social and non-social judgments about both racial ingroup and outgroup targets. Convergent evidence from univariate and multivariate partial least squares (PLS) analyses reveals that contact shapes the recruitment of brain regions involved in social cognition similarly for both ingroup and outgroup targets. Results support the hypothesis that increased contact is associated with generalized changes in social cognition toward both ingroup and outgroup faces. Specifically, regardless of target race, low- and average-contact perceivers showed the typically observed increased recruitment of temporoparietal junction and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex during social compared to perceptual judgments. However, high-contact perceivers did not show selective recruitment of these brain regions for social judgments. Complimenting univariate results, multivariate PLS analyses reveal that greater perceiver contact leads to reduced co-activation in networks of brain regions associated with face processing (e.g. fusiform gyrus) and salience detection (e.g. anterior cingulate cortex and insula). Across univariate and multivariate analyses, we found no evidence that contact differentially impacted cross-race face perception. Instead, when performing either a social or a novel perceptual task, interracial contact appears to broadly shape how perceivers engage with all faces.

中文翻译：

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跨种族接触不同地塑造了涉及面部社会和非社会判断的大脑网络：单变量和多变量方法的结合

目前的工作探讨了种族间接触与关于种族内群体和外群体目标的明确社会和非社会判断的神经基础之间的关系。来自单变量和多变量偏最小二乘 (PLS) 分析的趋同证据表明，对于内群体和外群体目标，接触塑造了参与社会认知的大脑区域的招募。结果支持这样的假设，即增加的接触与对内群体和外群体面孔的社会认知的普遍变化有关。具体而言，无论目标种族如何，与知觉判断相比，低接触和平均接触感知者在社交过程中表现出通常观察到的颞顶叶交界处和背内侧前额叶皮层的募集增加。然而，高接触感知者没有表现出选择性地招募这些大脑区域来进行社会判断。补充单变量结果，多变量 PLS 分析表明，更大的感知器接触会导致与面部处理（例如梭状回）和显着性检测（例如前扣带皮层和岛叶）相关的大脑区域网络中的共激活减少。在单变量和多变量分析中，我们没有发现任何证据表明接触对跨种族面部感知有不同的影响。相反，在执行社交或新颖的感知任务时，跨种族接触似乎广泛地塑造了感知者与所有面孔的互动方式。多变量PLS 分析表明，更大的感知器接触会导致与面部处理（例如梭状回）和显着性检测（例如前扣带皮层和岛叶）相关的大脑区域网络中的共激活减少。在单变量和多变量分析中，我们没有发现任何证据表明接触对跨种族面部感知有不同的影响。相反，在执行社交或新颖的感知任务时，跨种族接触似乎广泛地塑造了感知者与所有面孔的互动方式。多变量PLS 分析表明，更大的感知器接触会导致与面部处理（例如梭状回）和显着性检测（例如前扣带皮层和岛叶）相关的大脑区域网络中的共激活减少。在单变量和多变量分析中，我们没有发现任何证据表明接触对跨种族面部感知有不同的影响。相反，在执行社交或新颖的感知任务时，跨种族接触似乎广泛地塑造了感知者与所有面孔的互动方式。