The main aim of this study is to analyse household consumption patterns in the highest and lowest income quintiles and explore how they have changed over time and generations. Thus, the article explores whether social inclusivity through consumption has truly increased. This study utilises the cross-sectional time-series data of the Finnish Household Expenditure Surveys (HESs), covering the period 1966–2016. We use the Age-Period-Cohort Gap/Oaxaca (APCGO) model with logitrank dependent variables as the main statistical method. Our results indicate that an overall high income is advantageous with respect to income and spending, though the gap between high- and low-income groups has remained stagnant over cohorts. A more in-depth analysis reveals that the expenditure gap, in terms of necessities, food, and groceries consumption, has narrowed. Instead, income elastic-oriented spending on culture and leisure time has significantly increased in the high-income group, where the expenditure gap has expanded 60 percentage points over the cohorts. Simply put, expenditures on necessities have become more inclusive, but low-income groups are increasingly more ‘leisure-poor’. Overall, high-income classes are spending an increasing amount of money on culture and leisure time over cohorts.

本研究的主要目的是分析最高收入和最低收入五分之一的家庭消费模式，并探索它们如何随着时间和世代而发生变化。因此，本文探讨了通过消费实现的社会包容性是否真的增加了。本研究利用芬兰家庭支出调查 (HES) 的横截面时间序列数据，涵盖 1966-2016 年期间。我们使用具有 logitrank 因变量的 Age-Period-Cohort Gap/Oaxaca (APCGO) 模型作为主要的统计方法。我们的结果表明，总体高收入在收入和支出方面是有利的，尽管高收入和低收入群体之间的差距在同组中仍然停滞不前。更深入的分析表明，在必需品、食品和杂货消费方面的支出差距已经缩小。相反，收入弹性导向的文化和休闲时间支出在高收入群体中显着增加，支出差距比同龄人扩大了 60 个百分点。简而言之，生活必需品的支出变得更具包容性，但低收入群体却越来越“休闲贫困”。总体而言，高收入阶层在文化和休闲时间上的支出越来越多。