ABSTRACT A minimisation of an appropriate characteristic function (such as the Gibbs energy) of a system resulting in establishing its equilibrium state does not require a notion of component's activity, which, in contrast to the chemical potential, is nothing more than a helpful auxiliary entity bounded by finite limits. Also, the minimisation procedure does not impose rules on how a reference state for each component should be chosen, because the equilibrium state is not affected by particularities of such a selection. However, the choice of the reference state and the definition of activity become important when it is needed to determine what will happen with a numerical value of the activity of a component in a phase (such as molten steel or slag) when a reference state with respect to which it was specified changes. In this paper, it is argued that the activity ought to be introduced as rather than .

中文翻译：

---

活性和化学势之间的联系

摘要 系统的适当特征函数（例如吉布斯能）的最小化导致建立其平衡状态不需要组件活性的概念，与化学势相反，它只不过是一个有用的辅助实体受有限的限制。此外，最小化程序不会对如何选择每个组件的参考状态强加规则，因为平衡状态不受此类选择的特殊性影响。然而，当需要确定当参考状态为 时，相中组分（例如钢水或炉渣）的活度数值会发生什么情况时，参考状态的选择和活度的定义变得很重要。对其指定的更改。在本文中，