A human mission to Mars requires the solution of many problems that mainly linked to the safety of life, the reliable operational control of drinking water as well as health care. The availability of liquid fuels is also an important issue since the existing tools cannot fully provide the required liquid fuels quantities for the mission return journey. This paper presents the development of new methods and technology for reliable, operational, and with high availability chemical analysis of liquid solutions of various types. This technology is based on the employment of optical sensors (such as the multi-channel spectrophotometers or spectroellipsometers and microwave radiometers) and the development of a database of spectral images for typical liquid solutions that could be the objects of life on Mars. This database exploits the adaptive recognition of optical images of liquids using specific algorithms that are based on spectral analysis, cluster analysis and methods for solving the inverse optical metrology tasks.

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火星任务：用于解决逆向光学计量任务的自适应标识符

人类前往火星的任务需要解决许多问题，这些问题主要与生命安全、饮用水的可靠运行控制以及医疗保健有关。液体燃料的可用性也是一个重要问题，因为现有工具无法完全提供任务返回旅程所需的液体燃料数量。本文介绍了新方法和技术的发展，用于对各种类型的液体溶液进行可靠、可操作和高可用性的化学分析。该技术基于使用光学传感器（例如多通道分光光度计或光谱椭偏仪和微波辐射计）以及开发典型液体溶液的光谱图像数据库，这些溶液可能是火星上的生命物体。