The Moon is an archive of impact cratering in the Solar System throughout the past 4.5 billion years. It preserves this record better than larger, more complex planets like the Earth, Mars and Venus, which have largely lost their ancient crusts through geological reprocessing and hydrospheric/atmospheric weathering. Identifying the parent bodies of impactors (i.e. asteroid bodies, comets from the Kuiper belt or the Oort Cloud) provides geochemical and chronological constraints for models of Solar System dynamics, helping to better inform our wider understanding of the evolution of the Solar System and the transfer of small bodies between planets. In this review article, we discuss the evidence for populations of impactors delivered to the Moon at different times in the past. We also propose approaches to the identification and characterisation of meteoritic material on the Moon in the context of future lunar exploration efforts.

中文翻译：

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月球：太阳系小天体迁移档案

月球是过去 45 亿年来太阳系撞击坑的档案。它比地球、火星和金星等更大、更复杂的行星更好地保存了这一记录，这些行星通过地质再处理和水圈/大气风化在很大程度上失去了古老的地壳。识别撞击体的母体（即小行星体、柯伊伯带彗星或奥尔特云）为太阳系动力学模型提供地球化学和时间顺序约束，有助于更好地了解我们对太阳系演化和转移的更广泛理解行星之间的小天体。在这篇评论文章中，我们讨论了过去不同时间运送到月球的撞击物种群的证据。