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Evaluation of Ripening Indicators for Harvest-time Decision Making in Cold Climate Grape Production
American Journal of Enology and Viticulture ( IF 2.630 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-20 , DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2020.20022
Jacob Scharfetter , Andi Nelson , Beth Ann Workmaster , Amaya Atucha

Currently, growers and winemakers of cold climate interspecific hybrid grape (CCIHG) cultivars rely solely on the technological maturity variables Brix, titratable acidity (TA), and pH as ripening indicators for harvest and winemaking decisions. In contrast, using additional chemical variables to determine optimal harvest times is a common practice in most regions of the world where the European grape Vitis vinifera is cultivated. As there are significant differences in berry chemistry between CCIHG and V. vinifera, the objective of the present study was to evaluate, by linear regression coupled with principal component analysis and cluster analysis, the suitability of six additional maturity variables (berry fresh weight, total protein, total phenolics, monomeric anthocyanins, percent polymeric color, and total tannins) as potential ripening indicators for the CCIHG cultivars Brianna, Frontenac, La Crescent, Léon Millot, Maréchal Foch, Marquette, MN 1220, and Petite Pearl. We observed that berry fresh weight, total phenolics, and percent polymeric color had inconsistent and difficult-to-model relationships from year to year and across distinct grape cluster microclimate treatments, making them unsuitable as ripening indicators. In addition to the standard technological maturity variables of Brix, TA, and pH, the variables of total protein concentration for white cultivars and of monomeric anthocyanin, total protein, and total tannin concentrations for red cultivars have consistent linear relationships from veraison to harvest, making them good candidates for ripening indicators.

中文翻译:

评估寒冷气候葡萄生产中收获时间决策的成熟指标

目前,寒冷气候种间杂交葡萄 (CCIHG) 品种的种植者和酿酒师仅依赖技术成熟度变量白利糖度、可滴定酸度 (TA) 和 pH 作为收获和酿酒决策的成熟指标。相比之下,在世界上大多数种植欧洲葡萄的地区,使用额外的化学变量来确定最佳收获时间是一种常见做法。由于 CCIHG 和 V. vinifera 的浆果化学存在显着差异,本研究的目的是通过线性回归结合主成分分析和聚类分析评估六个附加成熟度变量(浆果鲜重、总蛋白质、总酚、单体花青素、聚合物颜色百分比、和总单宁)作为 CCIHG 品种 Brianna、Frontenac、La Crescent、Léon Millot、Maréchal Foch、Marquette、MN 1220 和 Petite Pearl 的潜在成熟指标。我们观察到,浆果鲜重、总酚类物质和聚合物颜色百分比在不同的葡萄簇微气候处理中年复一年地具有不一致且难以建模的关系,使它们不适合作为成熟指标。除了白利糖度、TA 和 pH 等标准技术成熟度变量外,白色品种的总蛋白浓度和红色品种的单体花青素、总蛋白和总单宁浓度变量从转色到收获具有一致的线性关系,使得它们是成熟指标的良好候选者。Léon Millot、Maréchal Foch、Marquette、MN 1220 和 Petite Pearl。我们观察到,浆果鲜重、总酚类物质和聚合物颜色百分比在不同的葡萄簇微气候处理中年复一年地具有不一致且难以建模的关系,使它们不适合作为成熟指标。除了白利糖度、TA 和 pH 等标准技术成熟度变量外,白色品种的总蛋白浓度和红色品种的单体花青素、总蛋白和总单宁浓度变量从转色到收获具有一致的线性关系,使得它们是成熟指标的良好候选者。Léon Millot、Maréchal Foch、Marquette、MN 1220 和 Petite Pearl。我们观察到,浆果鲜重、总酚类物质和聚合物颜色百分比在不同的葡萄簇微气候处理中年复一年地具有不一致且难以建模的关系,使它们不适合作为成熟指标。除了白利糖度、TA 和 pH 等标准技术成熟度变量外,白色品种的总蛋白浓度和红色品种的单体花青素、总蛋白和总单宁浓度变量从转色到收获具有一致的线性关系,使得它们是成熟指标的良好候选者。和百分比聚合物颜色在不同的葡萄簇微气候处理中年复一年地具有不一致且难以建模的关系,使它们不适合作为成熟指标。除了白利糖度、TA 和 pH 等标准技术成熟度变量外,白色品种的总蛋白浓度和红色品种的单体花青素、总蛋白和总单宁浓度变量从转色到收获具有一致的线性关系,使得它们是成熟指标的良好候选者。和百分比聚合物颜色在不同的葡萄簇微气候处理中年复一年地具有不一致且难以建模的关系,使它们不适合作为成熟指标。除了白利糖度、TA 和 pH 等标准技术成熟度变量外,白色品种的总蛋白浓度和红色品种的单体花青素、总蛋白和总单宁浓度变量从转色到收获具有一致的线性关系,使得它们是成熟指标的良好候选者。
更新日期:2020-08-20
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