Context: Invasive species are a major cause of biodiversity loss across much of the world, and a key threat to Australia’s diverse reptile fauna. There has been no previous comprehensive analysis of the potential impact of the introduced European red fox, Vulpes vulpes, on Australian reptiles.

Aims: We seek to provide an inventory of all Australian reptile species known to be consumed by the fox, and identify characteristics of squamate species associated with such predation. We also compare these tallies and characteristics with reptile species known to be consumed by the domestic cat, Felis catus, to examine whether predation by these two introduced species is compounded (i.e. affecting much the same set of species) or complementary (affecting different groups of species).

Methods: We collated records of Australian reptiles consumed by foxes in Australia, with most records deriving from fox dietary studies (tallying >35 000 samples). We modelled presence or absence of fox predation records against a set of biological and other traits, and population trends, for squamate species.

Key results: In total, 108 reptile species (~11% of Australia’s terrestrial reptile fauna) have been recorded as consumed by foxes, fewer than that reported for cats (263 species). Eighty-six species have been reported to be eaten by both predators. More Australian turtle species have been reported as consumed by foxes than by cats, including many that suffer high levels of predation on egg clutches. Twenty threatened reptile species have been reported as consumed by foxes, and 15 by cats. Squamate species consumed by foxes are more likely to be undergoing population decline than those not known to be consumed by foxes. The likelihood of predation by foxes increased with squamate species’ adult body mass, in contrast to the relationship for predation by cats, which peaked at ~217 g. Foxes, but not cats, were also less likely to consume venomous snakes.

Conclusions: The two introduced, and now widespread, predators have both compounding and complementary impacts on the Australian reptile fauna.

Implications: Enhanced and integrated management of the two introduced predators is likely to provide substantial conservation benefits to much of the Australian reptile fauna.

背景：入侵物种是世界大部分地区生物多样性丧失的主要原因，也是对澳大利亚多样化爬行动物群的主要威胁。之前没有对引入的欧洲红狐Vulpes vulpes对澳大利亚爬行动物的潜在影响进行综合分析。

目标：我们寻求提供已知被狐狸食用的所有澳大利亚爬行动物物种的清单，并确定与此类捕食相关的有鳞物种的特征。我们还将这些计数和特征与已知被家猫Felis catus食用的爬行动物物种进行比较，以检查这两种引入物种的捕食是复合的（即影响几乎相同的物种）还是互补的（影响不同群体的物种）。

方法：我们整理了澳大利亚狐狸食用的澳大利亚爬行动物的记录，其中大部分记录来自狐狸饮食研究（统计 > 35 000 个样本）。我们针对有鳞物种的一组生物学和其他特征以及种群趋势模拟了狐狸捕食记录的存在与否。

主要结果： 总共有 108 种爬行动物物种（约占澳大利亚陆地爬行动物群的 11%）被记录为狐狸食用，少于报告的猫（263 种）。据报道，这两种掠食者都吃掉了 86 种物种。据报道，狐狸食用的澳大利亚海龟种类比猫多，其中包括许多在蛋窝中遭受高度捕食的海龟。据报道，狐狸食用了 20 种濒危爬行动物，猫食用了 15 种。被狐狸吃掉的有鳞物种比那些不知道被狐狸吃掉的有鳞物种的种群数量下降的可能性更大。狐狸捕食的可能性随着有鳞物种成年体重的增加而增加，与猫捕食的关系相反，后者的峰值约为 217 克。狐狸，但不是猫，也不太可能吃毒蛇。

结论：这两种引入并现已广泛传播的捕食者对澳大利亚爬行动物群产生了复合和互补的影响。

影响：对这两种引入的食肉动物进行强化和综合管理可能会为澳大利亚的大部分爬行动物群提供实质性的保护效益。