Prospective data are limited regarding dynamic adulthood weight changes and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk. We included 77,238 women (1980–2012) and 48,026 men (1986–2012), who recalled young-adult weight [age 18 years (women); 21 years (men)], and provided biennially updated information regarding weight, body mass index (BMI), and comorbidities. Overall adulthood weight change was defined as the difference in weight (kilograms) between young-adulthood and present. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we calculated multivariable adjusted HRs (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Over 3,676,549 person-years, we documented 158 incident HCC cases. Elevated HCC risk was observed with higher BMI in both young-adulthood and later-adulthood [continuous aHRs per each 1 unit = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.02–1.09 ( P trend = 0.019), and 1.08; 95% CI = 1.06–1.10 ( P trend = 0.004), respectively]. Moreover, overall adulthood weight gain was also significantly associated with increased HCC risk (aHR per each 1-kg increase = 1.03; 95% CI = 1.01–1.08; P trend = 0.010), including after further adjusting for young-adult BMI ( P trend = 0.010) and later-adult BMI ( P trend = 0.008). Compared with adults with stable weight (±5 kg), the multivariable-aHRs with weight gain of 5–<10 kg, 10–<20 kg, and ≥20 kg were, 1.40 (95% CI = 0.67–2.16), 2.09 (95% CI = 1.11–3.95), and 2.61 (95% CI = 1.42–5.22), respectively. In two prospective, nationwide cohorts, adulthood weight gain was significantly associated with increased HCC risk. Prevention Relevance: Our data suggest that maintaining a stable weight during adulthood, specifically by preventing weight gain, could represent an important public health strategy for the prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma.

中文翻译：

---

肥胖、成年期体重变化和发生肝细胞癌的风险

关于动态成年期体重变化和肝细胞癌 (HCC) 风险的前瞻性数据有限。我们纳入了 77,238 名女性（1980-2012 年）和 48,026 名男性（1986-2012 年），他们回忆起年轻成人体重 [年龄 18 岁（女性）；21 岁（男性）]，并提供有关体重、体重指数 (BMI) 和合并症的每两年更新一次的信息。成年期的总体体重变化定义为青年期和现在的体重（公斤）之间的差异。使用 Cox 比例风险模型，我们计算了多变量调整后的 HR (aHR) 和 95% 置信区间 (CI)。我们记录了超过 3,676,549 人年的 158 起 HCC 病例。在青年期和成年期较高的 BMI 中观察到 HCC 风险升高 [每 1 个单位的连续 aHR = 1.05；95% CI = 1.02–1.09（P 趋势 = 0.019）和 1.08；95% CI = 1.06–1。10（P 趋势 = 0.004），分别]。此外，成年期总体体重增加也与 HCC 风险增加显着相关（每增加 1 公斤的 aHR = 1.03；95% CI = 1.01-1.08；P 趋势 = 0.010），包括在进一步调整年轻成人 BMI 后（P趋势 = 0.010）和成年后的 BMI（P 趋势 = 0.008）。与体重稳定（±5 kg）的成年人相比，体重增加5-<10 kg、10-<20 kg和≥20 kg的多变量aHR分别为1.40（95% CI = 0.67-2.16）、2.09 (95% CI = 1.11–3.95) 和 2.61 (95% CI = 1.42–5.22)。在两个前瞻性的全国性队列中，成年期体重增加与 HCC 风险增加显着相关。预防相关性：我们的数据表明，在成年期保持体重稳定，特别是通过防止体重增加，