Conversion of bio-waste into activated carbon is an environmentally friendly approach that reduces the pressure on biowaste disposal. Here we describe the preparation of activated carbon from the biowaste of the lemon peel by carbonization at 400 °C followed by chemical activation employing KOH. The activation parameters like temperature and mass ratio of precursor and KOH are optimized to obtain carbon material of better capacitive performance. The mass ratio and temperature of activation are optimized as 1:1 and 600 °C (ALP-600) respectively by systematic analysis of the capacitive performance of carbon materials in acidic (0.5 M H₂SO₄) and alkaline (2 M KOH) electrolytes. The superior performance of ALP-600 despite its lower surface area (744.78 m² g^-1) is attributed to its hierarchical porosity as the mesopores improve the capacitive performance by providing connectivity between the pores. ALP-600 delivers a higher specific capacitance of 152.14 Fg^-1 and better power rate capability evident from the quasi-rectangular shape of cyclic voltammogram even at a higher scan rate of 100 mVs⁻¹ in the acidic electrolyte. The high energy density of 4.67 Whkg⁻¹ and a high-power density of 8113 Wkg^-1 is achieved with the symmetric capacitor. The symmetric capacitor of configuration ALP-600 || 0.5 M H₂SO₄ || ALP-600 exhibits excellent cycling stability over 10,000 cycles with 99.5% coulombic efficiency and insignificant capacitance loss.

将生物废物转化为活性炭是一种环境友好的方法，可以减少生物废物处理的压力。在这里，我们描述了通过在 400°C 下碳化然后使用 KOH 进行化学活化，从柠檬皮的生物废物中制备活性炭。优化前驱体和KOH的温度和质量比等活化参数以获得更好的电容性能的碳材料。通过对碳材料在酸性（0.5 M H ₂ SO ₄）和碱性（2 M KOH）电解质中的电容性能进行系统分析，将活化的质量比和温度分别优化为 1:1 和 600 °C (ALP-600) . 尽管 ALP-600 的表面积较低 (744.78 m ²  g^-1 ) 归因于其分级孔隙率，因为中孔通过提供孔之间的连通性来提高电容性能。ALP-600 提供了更高的 152.14 Fg ^-1比电容和更好的功率速率能力，即使在酸性电解质中 100 mVs ^-1的更高扫描速率下，循环伏安图的准矩形形状也是显而易见的。对称电容器实现了4.67 Whkg ^-1的高能量密度和 8113 Wkg ^-1的高功率密度。配置ALP-600的对称电容器|| 0.5 M H ₂ SO ₄|| ALP-600 在 10,000 次循环后表现出优异的循环稳定性，库仑效率为 99.5%，电容损失很小。