ABSTRACT

This paper discusses royal pardons and other patronal graces in Morocco as forms of gifting that borrow their logic from Islamic teachings, and protocols binding ar-rā’I (ruler) and ar-ri’āya (subjects). The moment they begin to engage mixed feelings and analyses from politicians, activists, academics, and the general public they give rise to stormy debates, with as of yet unsettled disputes in the thick of social and political tensions in Morocco (from the post-2011 uprisings to the recent al-hirak of El Huceima, to other instances of social unrest (boycotts of consumables, struggles over human rights infringements)). As we posit the debate on rentier economy and politics in the hub of existing theoretical insights on gift-giving, we launch the particularities, subtleties, and dualities of the gift in general as both desirable and undesirable, pure and impure, honouring and humiliating, and the royal gift in particular as a neopatrimonialist act that hinges on referentiality and preferentiality. We draw on examples of potential royal grace receivers (classic criminals, political activists, Rif hirakists, amateur gift hunters, and professional smayria (professional hunters of the royal gift)) as touchstones for rethinking how patronal gifts are sent (as envois), received and lost midway. In the end, we conclude that gifting, far from being about sharing what one has, is about fighting with what one has.

摘要

本文讨论了摩洛哥的皇室赦免和其他主宰恩宠，作为从伊斯兰教义中借用其逻辑的馈赠形式，以及约束 ar-rā'I（统治者）和 ar-ri'āya（主体）的协议。当他们开始从政客、活动家、学者和公众那里获得复杂的感受和分析时，他们引发了激烈的辩论，在摩洛哥的社会和政治紧张局势中（从 2011 年后最近发生的 El Huceima 的 al-hirak 起义，以及其他社会动荡事件（抵制消耗品、因侵犯人权而进行的斗争））。当我们将关于食利者经济和政治的辩论置于现有关于送礼的理论见解的中心时，我们将礼物的特殊性、微妙性和二元性概括为可取和不可取的，纯洁和不纯洁，尊重和羞辱，特别是皇室的礼物，作为一种新的世袭主义行为，取决于参照性和优先权。我们借鉴了潜在的皇室恩宠接受者（经典罪犯、政治活动家、Rif hirakists、业余礼物猎人和专业 smayria（皇家礼物的专业猎人））的例子，作为重新思考如何发送（作为 envois）、接收赞助礼物的试金石并且中途迷路了。最后，我们得出结论，送礼不仅仅是分享一个人拥有的东西，而是与一个人拥有的东西抗争。和专业的 smayria（皇家礼物的专业猎人））作为重新思考赞助礼物如何发送（如 envois）、接收和中途丢失的试金石。最后，我们得出结论，送礼不仅仅是分享一个人拥有的东西，而是与一个人拥有的东西抗争。和专业的 smayria（皇家礼物的专业猎人））作为重新思考赞助礼物如何发送（如 envois）、接收和中途丢失的试金石。最后，我们得出结论，送礼不仅仅是分享一个人拥有的东西，而是与一个人拥有的东西抗争。