This paper describes the designing and optimization of tonpilz type transducers based on number of layers, width and thicknesses and type of active materials, dimensions of head and tail mass by exploiting finite element models for their effective and optimized usage in underwater SONAR applications. Geometry parameters of tonpilz transducers have been studied in terms of active piezoelectric stack and associated components comprised of head and tail masses and optimized structure is explored. Piezoelectric stack including piezoceramic material (PZT-4) and single crystal (PMNPT), is utilized for underwater acoustic generation, while Aluminum is taken as head mass and highly attenuated material stainless steel is used for tail mass. Performance of tonpilz transducer has been investigated and evaluated in terms of total radiating power (TRP), transmitting voltage response (TVR), directivity index and specific acoustic impedance for all designed structures. Comparison is carried out for the optimized structure that provides high sensitive frequency region in form of constant TVR and maximum sound directivity used for accurate under water detection applications. TVR in the sensitive region using PMNPT as the stack material shows enhanced results as compared to PZT-4. Sound intensity level in terms of TRP peaks also rises with a greater number of layers for both PMNPT and PZT-4 driving stack materials. Furthermore, it has been observed that Driving stack material is more effective than the other components of Tonpilz transducer because it effects the flat response and also enhances the TVR response. Secondly, head mass of the Tonpilz transducer is more effective than the remaining because resonance and flexural frequency depend on it.

本文描述了基于层数、宽度和厚度以及活性材料类型、头部和尾部质量尺寸的tonpilz 型换能器的设计和优化，通过利用有限元模型在水下声纳应用中有效和优化使用它们。已经根据有源压电堆栈和由头部和尾部质量组成的相关组件研究了tonpilz 换能器的几何参数，并探索了优化结构。包括压电陶瓷材料（PZT-4）和单晶（PMNPT）的压电堆栈用于水声产生，而铝作为头部质量，高衰减材料不锈钢作为尾部质量。已根据总辐射功率 (TRP) 研究和评估了tonpilz 换能器的性能，所有设计结构的传输电压响应 (TVR)、方向性指数和特定声阻抗。对优化结构进行比较，该结构以恒定 TVR 和最大声音方向性的形式提供高灵敏度频率区域，用于精确的水下检测应用。与 PZT-4 相比，使用 PMNPT 作为堆叠材料的敏感区域中的 TVR 显示出增强的结果。对于 PMNPT 和 PZT-4 驱动堆栈材料，声强级在 TRP 峰值方面也随着层数增加而增加。此外，已经观察到驱动堆栈材料比 Tonpilz 换能器的其他组件更有效，因为它影响平坦响应并增强 TVR 响应。第二，