While scholars acknowledge the important role played by regulators in managing ride hailing and its impacts on cities, few studies have explored the implications for developing ride hailing regulations at different levels of governance. This paper examines regulatory approaches to ride hailing in Canada's three largest metropolitan regions: Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. Though united by a national border, these three regions are subject to unique governance approaches, histories, and trajectories. Although ground transportation in Canada usually falls within local or municipal authority, only Toronto, amongst these three city-regions, treats the regulation of ground transportation as a local responsibility. In both Montreal and Vancouver, which are subject to different regulatory and governance structures, ride hailing is primarily regulated at the provincial level. As a more detailed examination reveals, we can further distinguish the three metropolitan areas based on the extent of intraregional coordination and regional mobility. By introducing these two concepts, the paper explores both the intended and unintended regional impacts of ride hailing regulations. These findings are relevant not only to ride hailing, but also to broader questions about governing both regional mobility and the platform economy.

中文翻译：

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治理事项：监管加拿大最大城市地区的叫车平台

虽然学者们承认监管机构在管理网约车及其对城市的影响方面发挥的重要作用，但很少有研究探讨在不同治理层面制定网约车法规的影响。本文研究了加拿大三个最大的大都市区：多伦多、蒙特利尔和温哥华的网约车监管方法。这三个地区虽然由国界统一，但受制于独特的治理方法、历史和轨迹。虽然加拿大的地面交通通常属于地方或市政当局，但在这三个城市区域中，只有多伦多将地面交通的监管视为地方责任。在受不同监管和治理结构约束的蒙特利尔和温哥华，叫车服务主要在省级监管。更详细的研究表明，我们可以根据区域内协调程度和区域流动性进一步区分三个大都市区。通过引入这两个概念，本文探讨了网约车法规的有意和无意的区域影响。这些发现不仅与网约车有关，而且与管理区域流动性和平台经济的更广泛问题有关.