How can one protect oneself against stress and burnout syndrome? What is the role of human cognitive processes? This study explores the moderated mediation effects of the trait of self-efficacy in a mode of perceived stress and burnout syndrome in a group of Polish air traffic controllers. The first aim of this study was to develop a better understanding of the construct of perceived stress. We proposed a latent variable, called psychological comfort, to clarify the role of self-efficacy in relation: stress and burnout. The second aim was to test the assumptions about the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between stress and burnout via the level of psychological comfort. The most important aim was to investigate whether the direct and indirect associations between stress and burnout were moderated by the level of psychological comfort. For the study, self-report questionnaires were distributed to 609 active air traffic controllers from 18 air traffic control centers of the Polish Air Navigation Services Agency (PANSA). Three hundred forty sets of questionnaires were returned (55.88%) of which 110 were correctly completed (return rate - 18.1%). We formulated 5 hypotheses. Two of them were confirmed: the indirect effect of perceived stress on occupational burnout via general self-efficacy was significant and the indirect relationship between perceived stress and occupational burnout would be different for air traffic controllers characterized by various levels of psychological comfort. The study emphasizes the role of certain human cognitive resources which may play a role in the relationship between stress and burnout: self-efficacy, perceived stress, and psychological comfort. There are important practical conclusions from the research. Knowing about the level of psychological comfort helps to plan better actions to protect against the negative impact of chronic stress on cognitive functions and against the development of clinical symptoms of burnout syndrome.

如何保护自己免受压力和倦怠综合症？人类认知过程的作用是什么？本研究探讨了在一组波兰空中交通管制员中，自我效能特征在感知压力和倦怠综合征模式下的调节中介作用。本研究的第一个目的是更好地理解感知压力的结构。我们提出了一个潜在变量，称为心理舒适度，以阐明自我效能感在压力和倦怠之间的作用。第二个目的是通过心理舒适度测试关于自我效能在压力和倦怠之间关系中的中介作用的假设。最重要的目的是调查压力和倦怠之间的直接和间接关联是否受到心理舒适度的调节。在这项研究中，向来自波兰空中航行服务局 (PANSA) 的 18 个空中交通管制中心的 609 名现役空中交通管制员分发了自我报告问卷。回收问卷 340 份（55.88%），其中正确完成 110 份（回收率为 18.1%）。我们提出了5个假设。其中两个得到证实：感知压力通过一般自我效能感对职业倦怠的间接影响显着，感知压力与职业倦怠之间的间接关系对于具有不同心理舒适度的空中交通管制员来说是不同的。该研究强调了某些人类认知资源的作用，这些资源可能在压力和倦怠之间的关系中发挥作用：自我效能、感知压力和心理舒适度。研究有重要的实践结论。了解心理舒适度有助于规划更好的行动，以防止慢性压力对认知功能的负面影响和倦怠综合征临床症状的发展。