The control of ventilation and cardiovascular function during physical activity is partially regulated by the ergoreflex, a cardiorespiratory reflex activated by physical activity. Two components of the ergoreflex have been identified: the mechanoreflex, which is activated early by muscle contraction and tendon stretch, and the metaboreflex, which responds to the accumulation of metabolites in the exercising muscles. Patients with heart failure (HF) often develop a skeletal myopathy with varying degrees of severity, from a subclinical disease to cardiac cachexia. HF-related myopathy has been associated with increased ergoreflex sensitivity, which is believed to contribute to dyspnoea on effort, fatigue and sympatho-vagal imbalance, which are hallmarks of HF. Ergoreflex sensitivity increases significantly also in patients with neuromuscular disorders. Exercise training is a valuable therapeutic option for both HF and neuromuscular disorders to blunt ergoreflex sensitivity, restore the sympatho-vagal balance, and increase tolerance to physical exercise. A deeper knowledge of the mechanisms mediating ergoreflex sensitivity might enable a drug or device modulation of this reflex when patients cannot exercise because of advanced skeletal myopathy.

中文翻译：

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ergoreflex：骨骼肌如何调节健康和疾病中的通气和心血管功能

体力活动期间对通气和心血管功能的控制部分受麦角反射（一种由体力活动激活的心肺反射）的调节。已经确定了麦角反射的两个组成部分：机械反射，它在早期被肌肉收缩和肌腱拉伸​​激活，以及代谢反射，它对运动肌肉中代谢物的积累作出反应。心力衰竭 (HF) 患者通常会出现严重程度不同的骨骼肌病，从亚临床疾病到心脏恶病质。与 HF 相关的肌病与运动反射敏感性增加有关，这被认为会导致努力呼吸困难、疲劳和交感神经-迷走神经失衡，这些是 HF 的标志。神经肌肉疾病患者的 Ergoreflex 敏感性也显着增加。运动训练是治疗心力衰竭和神经肌肉疾病的一种有价值的治疗选择，可以减弱运动反射敏感性、恢复交感神经-迷走神经平衡并增加对体育锻炼的耐受性。当患者由于晚期骨骼肌病而无法运动时，对调节麦角反射敏感性的机制的更深入了解可能使药物或设备能够调节这种反射。