Surfaces that provide control over liquid, solid, or vapor accretion provide an evolutionary advantage to numerous plants, insects, and animals. Synthetic surfaces inspired by these natural surfaces can have a substantial impact on diverse commercial applications. Engineered liquid and solid repellent surfaces are often designed to impart control over a single state of matter, phase, or fouling length scale. However, surfaces used in diverse real-world applications need to effectively control the accrual of matter across multiple phases and fouling length scales. We discuss the surface design strategies aimed at controlling the accretion of different states of matter, particularly those that work across multiple length scales and different foulants. We also highlight notable applications, as well as challenges associated with these designer surfaces’ scale-up and commercialization.

可以控制液体、固体或蒸汽吸积的表面为许多植物、昆虫和动物提供了进化优势。受这些天然表面启发的合成表面可以对各种商业应用产生重大影响。工程液体和固体排斥表面通常设计为对物质、相或污垢长度尺度的单一状态进行控制。然而，在不同的现实世界应用中使用的表面需要有效地控制跨多相和污垢长度尺度的物质累积。我们讨论了旨在控制不同物质状态吸积的表面设计策略，特别是那些在多个长度尺度和不同污垢中起作用的物质。我们还强调了值得注意的应用程序，