ABSTRACT

Plant photosynthesis processes play vital roles in crop plant development. Understanding carbohydrate partitioning via sugar transport is one of the potential ways to modify crop biomass, which is tightly linked to plant architecture, such as plant height and panicle size. Based on the literature, we highlight recent findings to summarize phloem loading by sucrose transport in rice. In rice, sucrose transporters, OsSUTs (sucrose transporters) and OsSWEETs (sugars are eventually exported transporters) import sucrose and export cells between phloem parenchyma cells and companion cells. Before sucrose transporters perform their functions, several transcription factors can induce sucrose transporter gene transcription levels, such as Oryza sativa DNA binding with one finger 11 (OsDOF11) and Oryza sativa Nuclear Factor Y B1 (OsNF-YB1). In addition to native regulator genes, environmental factors, such as CO₂ concentration, drought stress and increased temperature, also affect sucrose transporter gene transcription levels. However, more research work is needed on formation regulation webs. Elucidation of the phloem loading mechanism could improve our understanding of rice development under multiple conditions and facilitate its manipulation to increase crop productivity.

摘要

植物光合作用过程在作物植物发育中起着至关重要的作用。了解通过糖运输分配碳水化合物是改变作物生物量的潜在方法之一，这与植物结构密切相关，例如植物高度和穗大小。基于文献，我们重点介绍了最近的发现，以总结水稻中蔗糖运输对韧皮部的负荷。在水稻中，蔗糖转运蛋白、OsSUTs（蔗糖转运蛋白）和OsSWEETs（糖最终被输出转运蛋白）在韧皮部薄壁组织细胞和伴侣细胞之间输入蔗糖和输出细胞。在蔗糖转运蛋白发挥其功能之前，几种转录因子可以诱导蔗糖转运蛋白基因转录水平，例如稻DNA 与一根手指 11 ( OsDOF11 ) 和稻核因子 Y B1 ( OsNF-YB1 ) 结合。除了天然调节基因外，CO ₂浓度、干旱胁迫和温度升高等环境因素也会影响蔗糖转运蛋白基因的转录水平。然而，在编队监管网络方面还需要更多的研究工作。阐明韧皮部负荷机制可以提高我们对多种条件下水稻发育的理解，并促进其操纵以提高作物产量。