This study attempts to evaluate the energy and carbon footprint within the framework of international environmental treaties and the efforts made by 11 large polluting countries to mitigate climate change. The econometric methodology accounts for the presence of cross-sectional dependence while it employs second-generation panel unit root tests and cointegrated relationships. To secure the robustness of our findings, we conduct an ARDL approach employing dynamic panel data techniques. Dynamic OLS is also applied to verify the validity of the empirical results. The empirical analysis supports that the reduction in CO₂ emissions can be achieved without a slowdown in economic activity for the sample countries. The findings suggest insightful policy implications for policymakers and government officials.

中文翻译：

---

国际环境协议和二氧化碳排放：来自 11 个污染国家的新证据

本研究试图在国际环境条约的框架内评估能源和碳足迹以及 11 个污染大国为缓解气候变化所做的努力。计量经济学方法在使用第二代面板单位根检验和协整关系时考虑了横截面依赖性的存在。为了确保我们发现的稳健性，我们采用动态面板数据技术进行了 ARDL 方法。动态 OLS 也用于验证经验结果的有效性。实证分析表明，样本国家可以在不放缓经济活动的情况下实现CO ₂排放的减少。调查结果为政策制定者和政府官员提供了深刻的政策启示。