Two vortex-induced vibration (VIV) events of the main girder of long-span bridges successively happened on the Yingwuzhou suspension bridge and Humen suspension bridge in China, 2020, and drew public attention. Especially for the Humen suspension bridge, the amplitude of VIV was so notable that the traffic was closed for 10 days. Generally, VIV is sensitive to the structural and ambient issues and large-amplitude VIV is unacceptable for engineering structures as it could result in potential fatigue failure of some key joint components. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the excitation mechanism of VIV and develop effective methods to mitigate excessive vibration of main-girders. From the perspective of vortex dynamics, we present a selective review of recent progress on the mechanism of VIV occurred in long-span bridges and aerodynamic countermeasures to attenuate the VIV amplitude. Notwithstanding the VIV mechanism of girders has not been thoroughly clarified, it is generally accepted that VIV rises from the unsteady vortex shedding from the main girder. Besides, the flow control methods, which are proposed to manipulate the surrounding flow patterns around the girder, are also focused in this review. Some perspectives are finally presented for future studies in fluid–structure interaction and aerodynamic vibration mitigation of long-span bridges.