Seismic data are traditionally acquired based on spatial sampling requirements, noise properties and budgetary constraints. However, designing a survey without taking into account the complexity of the subsurface may result in an image without the expected quality. Also, the subsequent preprocessing and processing steps may exploit or misuse the acquired data. The design should therefore incorporate the complexity of the subsurface and the (pre)processing steps that will be followed. We propose an analysis method that evaluates if the proposed combination of survey design, preprocessing and processing for a specific subsurface model fulfils a pre-defined quality criterion. With our method, we estimate a set of point-spread functions that correspond to the chosen combination, and we analyse their resolution and illumination-detection properties in the spatial and wavenumber domains, respectively. The estimated point-spread functions include the scattering and propagation effects generated by the subsurface, including internal multiples. We show that in some cases, the use of internal multiples in imaging can improve amplitude and resolution compared with the use of primaries only. The proposed analysis method is also used to evaluate the effect of blending noise when blended acquisition is carried out.

中文翻译：

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使用点扩展函数进行采集几何分析

地震数据传统上是根据空间采样要求、噪声特性和预算限制来获取的。但是，在不考虑地下复杂性的情况下设计勘测可能会导致图像质量不理想。此外，后续的预处理和处理步骤可能会利用或误用所获取的数据。因此，设计应结合地下的复杂性和将要遵循的（预）处理步骤。我们提出了一种分析方法，用于评估针对特定地下模型的调查设计、预处理和处理的建议组合是否满足预定义的质量标准。使用我们的方法，我们估计一组对应于所选组合的点扩展函数，我们分别分析了它们在空间域和波数域中的分辨率和光照检测特性。估计的点扩散函数包括地下产生的散射和传播效应，包括内部多次波。我们表明，在某些情况下，与仅使用原色相比，在成像中使用内部多次波可以提高振幅和分辨率。所提出的分析方法还用于评估进行混合采集时混合噪声的影响。与仅使用初级相比，在成像中使用内部多次波可以提高振幅和分辨率。所提出的分析方法还用于评估进行混合采集时混合噪声的影响。与仅使用初级相比，在成像中使用内部多次波可以提高振幅和分辨率。所提出的分析方法还用于评估进行混合采集时混合噪声的影响。