Triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index, a simple surrogate marker of insulin resistance, has been reported to be associated with arterial stiffness. However, previous studies were limited by the cross-sectional design. The purpose of this study was to explore the longitudinal association between TyG index and progression of arterial stiffness. A total of 6028 participants were derived from the Kailuan study. TyG index was calculated as ln [fasting triglyceride (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Arterial stiffness was measured using brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). Arterial stiffness progression was assessed by the annual growth rate of repeatedly measured baPWV. Multivariate linear regression models were used to estimate the cross-sectional association of TyG index with baPWV, and Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the longitudinal association between TyG index and the risk of arterial stiffness. Multivariate linear regression analyses showed that each one unit increase in the TyG index was associated with a 39 cm/s increment (95%CI, 29–48 cm/s, P < 0.001) in baseline baPWV and a 0.29 percent/year increment (95%CI, 0.17–0.42 percent/year, P < 0.001) in the annual growth rate of baPWV. During 26,839 person-years of follow-up, there were 883 incident cases with arterial stiffness. Participants in the highest quartile of TyG index had a 58% higher risk of arterial stiffness (HR, 1.58; 95%CI, 1.25–2.01, P < 0.001), as compared with those in the lowest quartile of TyG index. Additionally, restricted cubic spline analysis showed a significant dose–response relationship between TyG index and the risk of arterial stiffness (P non-linearity = 0.005). Participants with a higher TyG index were more likely to have a higher risk of arterial stiffness. Subjects with a higher TyG index should be aware of the following risk of arterial stiffness progression, so as to establish lifestyle changes at an early stage.

中文翻译：

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甘油三酯-葡萄糖指数与动脉僵硬风险之间的关联：一项队列研究

据报道，甘油三酯-葡萄糖 (TyG) 指数是一种简单的胰岛素抵抗替代指标，与动脉僵硬有关。然而，以前的研究受到横截面设计的限制。本研究的目的是探讨 TyG 指数与动脉僵硬度进展之间的纵向关联。共有 6028 名参与者来自开滦研究。TyG 指数计算为 ln [空腹甘油三酯 (mg/dL) × 空腹血糖 (mg/dL)/2]。使用臂踝脉搏波速度 (baPWV) 测量动脉僵硬度。动脉僵硬度进展通过反复测量的 baPWV 的年增长率进行评估。多元线性回归模型用于估计 TyG 指数与 baPWV 的横断面关联，和 Cox 比例风险模型用于研究 TyG 指数与动脉僵硬风险之间的纵向关联。多变量线性回归分析表明，TyG 指数每增加一个单位，基线 baPWV 增加 39 cm/s（95%CI，29-48 cm/s，P < 0.001），增加 0.29%/年（ baPWV 的年增长率为 95%CI，0.17-0.42%/年，P < 0.001)。在 26,839 人年的随访期间，有 883 例发生动脉僵硬的病例。与 TyG 指数最低四分位数的参与者相比，TyG 指数最高四分位数的参与者发生动脉僵硬度的风险高 58%（HR，1.58；95%CI，1.25–2.01，P < 0.001）。此外，受限三次样条分析显示 TyG 指数与动脉僵硬风险之间存在显着的剂量反应关系（P 非线性 = 0.005）。TyG 指数较高的参与者更有可能患动脉僵硬的风险较高。TyG 指数较高的受试者应注意以下动脉僵硬度进展的风险，以便及早改变生活方式。