Semiconductor lasers are widely used in incoherent/coherent optical communications, optical fiber sensing, and lidar due to their small size, high efficiency, and immunity to vibrations. To support the continuous evolution of these high-performance application systems, the noise characteristics of semiconductor lasers play a key role and the noise levels need to be reduced to unprecedentedly low values (such as quantum limit). In this paper, a comprehensive overview on the principles, measurements, and suppressions of semiconductor laser noises are provided. First, we introduce the analysis models and key performance indicators of semiconductor lasers related to noise. Then, different noise measurement systems are investigated for semiconductor lasers and the noise characteristics are fully analyzed. Next, the noise suppression methods towards semiconductor lasers are demonstrated from three aspects: the chip structures, the external cavity optical feedback technology and the driving and controlling circuits. Finally, we summarize the recent advances on the noise measurement and suppression of semiconductor laser, future prospects are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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半导体激光噪声的原理、测量和抑制——综述

半导体激光器因其体积小、效率高、抗振性强等特点，被广泛应用于非相干/相干光通信、光纤传感和激光雷达。为了支持这些高性能应用系统的不断演进，半导体激光器的噪声特性起着关键作用，需要将噪声水平降低到前所未有的低值（如量子极限）。本文全面概述了半导体激光器噪声的原理、测量和抑制。首先介绍半导体激光器与噪声相关的分析模型和关键性能指标。然后，研究了不同的半导体激光器噪声测量系统，并全面分析了噪声特性。下一个，从芯片结构、外腔光反馈技术和驱动控制电路三个方面论证了半导体激光器的噪声抑制方法。最后，总结了半导体激光器噪声测量和抑制的最新进展，并对未来前景进行了展望。